Abstract: A separator for fuel cells includes 15-40 parts by mass of a resin and 85-60 parts by mass of conductive materials that have higher electrical conductivities than the resin, while having the forms of particles and fibers. The conductive materials mainly include graphite particles and carbon fibers so that the graphite particles are included in a larger amount than the carbon fibers in terms of mass ratio.

Abstract: A film for film capacitors having a thickness of 10 microns or less, is manufactured by the successive steps of: mixing and preparing a forming material composed of a thermoplastic resin composition; melting and extruding the forming material to a film through a T-die; pinching and cooling the film between a pressure roll and a cooling roll having a rough surface for forming a rough surface to the film, wherein the rough surface of the cooling roll has (?/Ra) of 0.2 or less, and the rough surface of the film has (?/Ra) of 0.2 or less, where (Ra) is an arithmetic average roughness defined by a method specified in JIS B 0601 2001, and (?) is a standard deviation; and rolling up the cooled film onto a winding tube in a winding unit.

Abstract: A film for film capacitors having a thickness of 10 microns or less, wherein the film has surface properties of (Ra) of 0.2 microns or less, (Rz/Ra) of 10 or less and a dynamic friction coefficient of 1.5 or less, where (Ra) is an arithmetic average roughness and (Rz) is a maximum height defined both by the method specified in JIS B 0601 2001. The film can be manufactured by the successive steps of: mixing and preparing a forming material composed of a thermoplastic resin composition; melting and extruding the forming material to a film through a T-die; pinching and cooling the film between a pressure roll and a cooling roll having a rough surface for forming a rough surface to the film; and rolling up the cooled film onto a winding tube in a winding unit.

Abstract: A film for film capacitors having a thickness of 10 microns or less, is manufactured by the successive steps of: mixing and preparing a forming material composed of a thermoplastic resin composition; melting and extruding the forming material to a film through a T-die; pinching and cooling the film between a pressure roll and a cooling roll having a rough surface for forming a rough surface to the film, wherein the rough surface of the cooling roll has (?/Ra) of 0.2 or less, and the rough surface of the film has (?/Ra) of 0.2 or less, where (Ra) is an arithmetic average roughness defined by a method specified in JIS B 0601 2001, and (?) is a standard deviation; and rolling up the cooled film onto a winding tube in a winding unit.

Abstract: 2-O-.alpha.-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascrobic acid is crystallizable in its supersaturated solution. Crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is substantially nonhygroscopic, free flowing, free of deliquescence, consolidation and direct reducing activity, but is readily soluble in water. Because of these, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is handleable with an ease, and superiorly high in stability and physiological activities. Thus, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-gluco-pyranosyl-L-acorbic acid is favorably useful in vitamin C-enriching agents, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Abstract: A separation system to prepare a high .alpha.-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid content product involves the use of a specific anion-exchange membrane having a molecular weight cut-off in the range of about 100-1,000. The system readily separates .alpha.-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid from L-ascorbic acid and other impurities and provides a relatively-high yield.

Abstract: A novel .alpha.-glycosyl quercetin, wherein at least equimolar D-glucose residues are attached to quercetin via the .alpha.-bond, has a satisfactory water-solubility, light tolerance and stability, and exerts the inherent activity of quercetin in vivo. The .alpha.-glycosyl quercetin is prepared by a process comprising subjecting a solution containing quercetin and an .alpha.-glucosyl saccharide to the action of a saccharide-transferring enzyme to form an .alpha.-glycosyl quercetin, and recoverying the resultant .alpha.-glycosyl quercetin. The .alpha.-glycosyl quercetin can be advantageously used in combination with other materials in food products, cosmetic compositions and pharmaceutical compositions as a highly-safe and natural vitamin P-enriched agent, yellow-color-imparting agent, antioxidant, deodorant, stabilizer, quality-improving agent, antiseptic, prophylactic agent, therapeutic agent and ultraviolet-absorbing agent.

Abstract: A novel panose-rich saccharide powder which contains 48-93 w/w % panose, d.s.b., together with other oligo-saccharides, and has a crystallinity of 19% or higher on x-ray powder diffraction analysis. The saccharide powder has a substantial non-hygroscopicity, as well as a satisfiable free-flowing ability and stability. Thus, the saccharide powder is advantageously used in food products, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: 2-O-.alpha.-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascrobic acid is crystallizable in its supersaturated solution. Crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is substantially nonhygroscopic, free flowing, free of deliquescence, consolidation and direct reducing activity, but is readily soluble in water. Because of these characteristics, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is handleable with an ease, and superiorly high in stability and physiological activities. Thus, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-acorbic acid is favorably useful in vitamin C-enriching agents, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Abstract: Disclosed is an industrial-scale preparation of a high 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid content product with an improved purity, the preparation comprising subjecting a solution containing 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid and a saccharide derivative of L-ascorbic acid exhibiting a direct reducing activity to an oxidation treatment, subjecting the resultant mixture ti column chromatography using a strongly-acidic cation exchange resin, and recoverying the resultant high 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid content fraction. Thus, the preparatiobn has a great significance in the industrial field.

Abstract: 2-O-.alpha.-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascrobic acid is crystallizable in its supersaturated solution. Crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is substantially nonhygroscopic, free flowing, free of deliquescence, consolidation and direct reducing activity, but is readily soluble in water. Because of these characteristics, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is handleable with an ease, and superiorly high in stability and physiological activities. Thus, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-acorbic acid is favorably useful in vitamin C-enriching agents, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Abstract: 2-O-.alpha.-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascrobic acid is crystallizable in its supersaturated solution. Crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is substantially nonhygroscopic, free flowing, free of deliquescence, consolidation and direct reducing activity, but is readily soluble in water. Because of these, characteristics crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is handleable with an ease, and superiorly high in stability and physiological activities. Thus, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is favorably useful in vitamin C-enriching agents, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Abstract: A high .alpha.-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid content product is prepared by subjecting an aqueous solution containing .alpha.-glycosylL-ascorbic acid together with L-ascorbic acid and/or a saccharide to electrodialysis wherein an anion-exchange membrane is used in order to allow the L-ascorbic acid to predominantly permeate the membrane and to separate the L-ascorbic acid from .alpha.-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid, or in order to allow the .alpha.-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid to predominantly permeate the membrane and to separate the .alpha.-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid from the saccharide. Thus, a high .alpha.-glycosyl-L-ascorbic acid content product having a desirable stability and physiological activity is readily prepared.

Abstract: 5-O-.alpha.-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is a novel derivative of L-ascorbic acid which has a direct reducing activity and a satisfiable stability, as well as being readily hydrolyzed in vivo to form L-ascorbic acid. The 5-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is prepared by allowing a saccharide-transferring enzyme together with or without .alpha.-glucosidase to a solution containing an a-glucosyl saccharide and L-ascorbic acid, and suitably used in food products, agents of anti-susceptive diseases and cosmetics containing thereof.

Abstract: 5-O-.alpha.-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is a novel derivative of L-ascorbic acid which has a direct reducing activity and a satisfiable stability, as well as being readily hydrolyzed in vivo to form L-ascorbic acid. The 5-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is prepared by allowing a saccharide-transferring enzyme together with or without .alpha.-glucosidase to a solution containing an .alpha.-glucosyl saccharide and L-ascorbic acid, and suitably used in food products, agents of anti-susceptive diseases and cosmetics containing thereof.

Abstract: A novel glycoside, 4.sup.G -alpha-D-glucopyranosyl rutin, is formed by a saccharide-transferring enzyme and glucoamylase in a solution which contains rutin together with glucoamylase. The 4.sup.G -alpha-D-glucopyranosyl rutin formed in such a solution is purified with a synthetic macroreticular resin, and crystallization in an organic solvent yields a complex crystal with the organic solvent. 4.sup.G -Alpha-D-glucopyranosyl rutin exhibits the same molecular absorption coefficient as intact rutin, and is readily water-soluble, substantially tasteless and odorless, and readily hydrolyzable in vivo to exhibit physiological activities inherent to rutin. These render 4.sup.G -alpha-D-glucopyranosyl rutin very useful as a highly-safe, natural yellow coloring agent, antioxidant, stabilizer, quality-improving agent, preventive, remedy, uv-absorbent and deterioration-preventing agent in foods, beverages, tobaccos, cigarets, feeds, pet foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and plastics.

Abstract: Alpha-glycosyl rutin is formed at a high concentration by allowing a saccharide-transferring enzyme to act on a high-rutin content liquid in suspension or solution to effect saccharide-transfer reaction. The resultant alpha-glycosyl rutin is easily recovered from the reaction mixture by allowing it to contact with a synthetic macroreticular resin. Alpha-glycosyl rutin is superior in water-solubility, resistance to light and stability to intact rutin, as well as having the physiological activities as intact rutin has. Thus, alpha-glycosyl rutin is favorably usable as a yellow coloring agent, antioxidant, stabilizer, fading-preventing agent, quality-improving agent, preventive, remedy, uv-absorbent and deterioration-preventing agent in foods, beverages, tobaccos, cigarettes, feeds, pet foods, pharmaceuticals for susceptive diseases, cosmetics including skin-refining agent and skin-whitening agent, and plastics, in addition to the use in vitamin P-enriching agents.

Abstract: 2-O-.alpha.-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascrobic acid is crystallizable in its supersaturated solution. Crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is substantially nonhygroscopic, free flowing, free of deliquescence, consolidation and direct reducing activity, but is readily soluble in water. Because of these, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid is handleable with an ease, and superiorly high in stability and physiological activities. Thus, crystalline 2-O-.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl-L-acorbic acid is favorably useful in vitamin C-enriching agents, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Abstract: A novel glycoside, 4.sup.G -alpha-D-glucopyranosyl rutin, is formed by a saccharide-transferring enzyme and glucoamylase in a solution which contains rutin together with glucoamylase. The 4.sup.G -alpha-D-glucopyranosyl rutin formed in such a solution is purified with a synthetic macroreticular resin, and crystallization in an organic solvent yields a complex crystal with the organic solvent. 4.sup.G -Alpha-D-glucopyranosyl rutin exhibits the same molecular absorption coefficient as intact rutin, and is readily water-soluble, substantially tasteless and odorless, and readily hydrolyzable in vivo to exhibit physiological activities inherent to rutin. These render 4.sup.G -alpha-D-glucopyranosyl rutin very useful as a highly-safe, natural yellow coloring agent, antioxidant, stabilizer, quality-improving agent, preventive, remedy, uv-absorbent and deterioration-preventing agent in foods, beverages, tobaccos, cigarets, feeds, pet foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and plastics.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an aromatic polyester resin represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 represent a bivalent aromatic radical and n is an integer of 10 to 100, comprising reacting an aromatic diol represented by the general formula:HO-Ar.sup.1 -OHwherein Ar.sup.1 is a bivalent aromatic radical with a bivalent dibromide represented by the general formula:Br-Ar.sup.2 -Brwhere Ar.sup.2 is a bivalent radical and with carbon monoxide in the presence of a palladium catalyst and an organic base in an organic solvent.