Abstract: A compound has a tetra-hydroquinoline skeleton, the compound having inhibitory action against ferroptosis, and exerting therapeutic or preventive effect on diseases, disorders or syndromes related to ferroptosis inhibition, such as multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: A napped artificial leather includes: a fiber-entangled body obtained by entangling ultrafine fibers: and an elastic polymer impregnated into the fiber-entangled body. The napped artificial leather has, on at least one side thereof, a napped surface formed by napping the ultrafine fibers. The ultrafine fibers contain 0.2 to 8 mass% of carbon black and 0.1 to 5 mass% of a chromatic pigment, and a total ratio of the carbon black and the chromatic pigment is 0.3 to 10 mass%. A content ratio of the elastic polymer is 0.1 to 15 mass% in the napped artificial leather. The elastic polymer is uncolored and the ultrafine fibers are undyed.

Abstract: A napped artificial leather including a non-woven fabric including ultrafine fibers and a polyurethane, the napped artificial leather including a napped surface formed by napping the ultrafine fibers on a surface thereof, wherein the napped surface has, after a Martindale abrasion test in accordance with JIS L 1096 (6.17.5E method, Martindale method) under a pressing load of 12 kPa and 50000 times of abrasions, a ratio of the polyurethane observed by a surface observation using an electron microscope in a portion that has been subjected to the Martindale abrasion test, of 4.0% or less.

Abstract: A napped artificial leather includes: a non-woven fabric that is art entangled body of ultrafine fibers, and an elastic polymer applied into the non-woven fabric; where the napped artificial leather has, on at least one side thereof, a napped surface formed by napping the ultrafine fibers. Each of the ultrafine fibers is art ultrafine fiber having a fineness of 0.5 dtex or less, and a tensile strength of 6 to 9 mN. A plurality of the ultrafine fibers form a fiber bundle, and the ultrafine fibers that form the fiber bundle are not constrained by the elastic polymer in a region of the napped artificial leather other than a surface layer portion. A content ratio of the elastic polymer is 16 to 40 mass %, and the napped artificial leather has an apparent density of 0.38 g/cm3 or more.

Abstract: Disclosed is a napped artificial leather including: an artificial leather base material that includes a non-woven fabric of polyester fibers having a Young's modulus of 1 to 6 GPa, an average fiber-toughness of 8 to 40 cN·%, and a crystallinity of 35% or less, and an elastic polymer, the artificial leather base material having, on at least one surface thereof, a napped surface on which the polyester fibers are napped. Also disclosed are polyester fibers having a Young's modulus of 1 to 6 GPa, an average fiber-toughness of 8 to 40 cN·%, and a crystallinity of 35% or less, and a non-woven fabric including the polyester fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a napped artificial leather including: a fiber-entangled body including ultrafine fibers having a fineness of 0.5 dtex or less; and an elastic polymer impregnated into the fiber-entangled body, the napped artificial leather having a thickness of 0.25 to 1.5 mm, and including a main surface that is a napped surface formed by napping the ultrafine fibers. The napped artificial leather further includes phosphorous-based flame retard ant particles attached to the elastic polymer such as a polyurethane, the phosphorous-based flame retardant particles being locally present in a range of a thickness of 200 pm or less from a back surface opposite to the main surface. The phosphorous-based flame retardant particles have an average particle size of 0.1 to 30 ?m, a phosphorus atom content of 14 mass % or more, and a solubility in water at 30° C. of 0.2 mass % or less, and a melting point, or, in the absence of a melting point, a decomposition temperature, of 150° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is an artificial leather base material including: a non-woven fabric that is an entangle body of fibers (A) and fibers (B); and an elastic polymer applied inside the non-woven fabric, wherein the fibers (A) are crimped fibers that are formed from two types of resins with intrinsic viscosities different from each other, and that are filaments of 0.6 dtex or more, and the fibers (B) are ultrafine fibers of less than 0.6 dtex.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed napped sheet or a printing sheet including a fabric having a napped surface, wherein the napped surface is printed and has, as measured by a surface roughness measurement in accordance with ISO 25178, an arithmetic mean height (Sa) of a predetermined value or less (e.g., 30 ?m or less) in both a grain direction and a reverse grain direction, and the napped surface has a density of peaks (Spd), having a height of 100 ?m or more from a mean height, of a predetermined value or less (e.g., 30/432 mm2 or less) in both the grain direction and the reverse grain direction. Also disclosed is a printed napped sheet wherein the napped surface has a difference (absolute value) in density of peaks (Spd), between the grain direction and the reverse grain direction, of 20/432 mm2 or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a napped artificial leather including: a non-woven fabric obtained by entangling fibers; and an elastic polymer, wherein a 100% modulus (A) of the elastic polymer and a content (B) of the elastic polymer satisfy the relational expression: B??1.8A+40, A>0, and the non-woven fabric has an abrasion loss (C) of 45 mg or less, in accordance with JIS L 1096 (6.17.5E method, Martindale method) under a pressing load of 12 kPa (gf/cm2) after 20000 abrasion cycles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a napped artificial leather including: a fabric that has been impregnated with a first elastic polymer and that has a napped surface including napped ultrafine fibers with an average fineness of 0.01 to 0.5 dtex, wherein the napped surface has, as measured by a surface roughness measurement in accordance with ISO 25178, an arithmetic mean height (Sa) of 30 ?m or less in both a grain direction and a reverse grain direction, and a density of peaks (Spd) having a height of 100 ?m or more from a mean height, of 30/432 mm2 or less in both of the grain direction and the reverse grain direction, and a difference (absolute value) in the density of peaks (Spd) between the grain direction and the reverse grain direction is 20/432 mm2 or less.

Abstract: A napped artificial leather including a non-woven fabric including ultrafine fibers and a polyurethane, the napped artificial leather including a napped surface formed by napping the ultrafine fibers on a surface thereof, wherein the napped surface has, after a Martindale abrasion test in accordance with JIS L 1096 (6.17.5E method, Martindale method) under a pressing load of 12 kPa and 50000 times of abrasions, a ratio of the polyurethane observed by a surface observation using an electron microscope in a portion that has been subjected to the Martindale abrasion test, of 4.0% or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a napped artificial leather including: an artificial leather base material that includes a non-woven fabric of polyester fibers having a Young's modulus of 1 to 6 GPa, an average fiber-toughness of 8 to 40 cN·%, and a crystallinity of 35% or less, and an elastic polymer, the artificial leather base material having, on at least one surface thereof, a napped surface on which the polyester fibers are napped. Also disclosed are polyester fibers having a Young's modulus of 1 to 6 GPa, an average fiber-toughness of 8 to 40 cN·%, and a crystallinity of 35% or less, and a non-woven fabric including the polyester fibers.

Abstract: A method of producing a separator is provided. The method includes providing a particle membrane including inorganic particles on at least one principal surface of a porous body by a vapor-phase process such that the particle membrane has a porosity that is non-uniform in a thickness direction thereof. A method of producing a microporous membrane is also provided.

Abstract: A separator includes a porous body, and a particle membrane that is formed on at least one principal surface of the porous body. The particle membrane is made of inorganic particles, and has a void formed therein by the inorganic particles. The particle membrane has a porosity that is non-uniform in the thickness direction thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a napped artificial leather including: a fabric that has been impregnated with a first elastic polymer and that has a napped surface including napped ultrafine fibers with an average fineness of 0.01 to 0.5 dtex, wherein the napped surface has, as measured by a surface roughness measurement in accordance with ISO 25178, an arithmetic mean height (Sa) of 30 ?m or less in both a grain direction and a reverse grain direction, and a density of peaks (Spd) having a height of 100 ?m or more from a mean height, of 30/432 mm2 or less in both of the grain direction and the reverse grain direction, and a difference (absolute value) in the density of peaks (Spd) between the grain direction and the reverse grain direction is 20/432 mm2 or less.

Abstract: A method of producing a separator is provided. The method includes providing a particle membrane including inorganic particles on at least one principal surface of a porous body by a vapor-phase process such that the particle membrane has a porosity that is non-uniform in a thickness direction thereof. A method of producing a microporous membrane is also provided.

Abstract: A separator includes a porous body, and a particle membrane that is formed on at least one principal surface of the porous body. The particle membrane is made of inorganic particles, and has a void formed therein by the inorganic particles. The particle membrane has a porosity that is non-uniform in the thickness direction thereof.