Abstract: Provided herein is a method for modulating the amount of virus in a subject comprising administering to the subject an agent for controlling an indicator associated with a D-amino acid in the subject.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for providing information about virus infection and/or virus infection disease in a subject, comprising: making a determination on the detection and/or stage classification of virus infection and/or virus infection disease in the subject using an indicator associated with a D-amino acid in the subject; and providing information about virus infection and/or virus infection disease in the subject based on the results of the determination.

Abstract: The present invention provides a D-serine transport modifier which is characterized by controlling the transport of D-serine into and out of cells by a D-serine transporter protein, a pharmaceutical composition which comprises the same as an active component and treats or prevents diseases relating to an increase or decrease in the amount of D-serine, and a screening method of substances that control the transport of D-serine. The present invention also provides a screening method of a D-serine transporter protein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method comprising a step of estimating the kidney function of an arbitrary subject by a regression analysis which employs the amount of a D, L-amino acid in a biological sample from the arbitrary subject as an explanatory variable and employs the amount of filtrated glomeruli in the arbitrary subject as an object variable, by employing a previously determined formula (I): Y=a1·X1+a2·X2+ . . . +an·Xn+b (I) [wherein a1 to an independently represent a constant obtained by the regression analysis; X1 to Xn independently represent a variable of the amount of the D,L-amino acid which is selected by the regression analysis; and b represents a constant obtained by the regression analysis] on the basis of the Y value calculated from the amount of the D, L-amino acid in the biological sample from the object to be evaluated. Also provided is a system for carrying out the method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for assisting in the evaluation of the condition of kidneys, a system for evaluating the condition of kidneys, and a program for evaluating the condition of kidneys, using, as an index, the ratio of reabsorption of D-serine and/or D-asparagine in target kidneys and excretion of the D-serine and/or D-asparagine. The present invention also provides a method for monitoring the condition of kidneys and a method for monitoring the effect of treatment on kidney disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a method for assisting the evaluation of renal pathological conditions, said method comprising using, as an index, a combination of renal reabsorption and excretion ratios of D-serine and/or D-asparagine in a subject with the blood D-serine and/or D-asparagine levels; a system for evaluating renal pathological conditions; and a program for evaluating renal pathological conditions. The present invention also provides: a method for monitoring renal pathological conditions; and a method for monitoring an effect of treating a renal disease.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a method for predicting the prognosis for kidney disease for a subject on the basis of the amount of D- and L-amino acids, from a blood sample; and an analysis system that determines prognosis predictions. This purpose is achieved by using at least one amino acid to predict the prognosis for kidney disease, said amino acid being selected from the group consisting of D-serine, D-asparagine, D-proline, D-alanine, D-leucine, D-lysine, D-allo-isoleucine, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-tryptophan, and L-asparagine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining glomerular filtration ability on the basis of the amount of D-serine in the blood. The present invention provides a blood analysis system which includes a storage unit, an analysis measurement unit, a data processing unit and a glomerular filtration ability output unit, wherein: the storage unit stores the correlation equation between the amount of D-serine in the blood and glomerular filtration ability; the analysis measurement unit separates and quantifies the amount of D-serine in the blood; the data processing unit calculates glomerular filtration ability by inputting the D-serine amount into the correlation equation stored in the storage unit; and a pathology information output unit outputs glomerular filtration ability information.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a marker for determining critical stage kidney disease by using an indicator value based on the amount of D-alanine in the blood or the amount of D-alanine and L-alanine therein; a blood analysis method which uses said marker for patients undergoing surgery or intensive care; and a blood analysis system for determining critical stage kidney disease in patients undergoing surgery or intensive care.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease, an inflammation inhibitor for the kidneys, an inflammatory cell death inhibitor for the kidneys, or a food for the prevention or improvement of kidney disease, that include D-serine or a derivative thereof. In addition, the present invention pertains to the use of D-serine or a derivative thereof, for the production of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a method for predicting the prognosis for kidney disease for a subject on the basis of the amount of D- and L-amino acids, from a blood sample; and an analysis system that determines prognosis predictions. This purpose is achieved by using at least one amino acid to predict the prognosis for kidney disease, said amino acid being selected from the group consisting of D-serine, D-asparagine, D-proline, D-alanine, D-leucine, D-lysine, D-allo-isoleucine, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-tryptophan, and L-asparagine.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease, a kidney inflammation inhibitor, an inflammatory cell death inhibitor for the kidneys, or a food for the prevention or improvement of kidney disease, that include D-alanine or a derivative thereof. In addition, the present invention pertains to the use of D-alanine or a derivative thereof, for the production of a pharmaceutical composition for the prevention or treatment of kidney disease.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of developing an analytical method which makes it possible to diagnose early or mild renal disorders. The method is based on calculating a disease-state index value for renal disorders on the basis of the quantities of D-form and/or L-form amino acids, from feces or intestinal content. By comparing the disease-state index value with a threshold value determined from the disease-state index values of a renal failure patient group and a healthy subject group, it is possible to diagnose a mild renal disorder patient group.

Abstract: A chiral analysis method of a bound amino acid includes a step of hydrolyzing a bound amino acid using a deuterium chloride-deuterium oxide solution and/or deuterium oxide; a step of separating, by chiral separation, a D-form and an L-form of an amino acid generated by the hydrolyzation; a step of generating fragments from the separated amino acid; and a step of selecting and analyzing a predetermined fragment that contains an ? carbon and does not contain a side chain from the generated fragments, by mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of providing a novel method for the pretreatment of a biological sample containing lenalidomide enantiomer and thereby establishing a simple and accurate method for the quantitative analysis of lenalidomide enantiomer. In the present invention, the racemization and decomposition of lenalidomide enantiomer in a biological sample can be prevented by the deproteinization under acidic conditions of the biological sample containing lenalidomide enantiomer, and the lenalidomide enantiomer can be simply and accurately quantitatively analyzed by subjecting to HPLC the biological sample that has been pretreated in such a way.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to develop a reagent for optical resolution for the analysis of chiral amino acids wherein quenching is not exhibited. This object is achieved by providing a novel compound for optical resolution wherein quenching is not exhibited. The present invention relates to a novel compound, a reagent for optical resolution comprising the novel compound, a method for optically resolution comprising a step of reacting the novel compound, and optical isomers obtained by reacting the novel compound with amino acids.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide a more accurate method and system for analyzing a sample containing an optical isomer. This method is characterized in that, with reference to results of chromatography, fractions for which complete separation from one or a plurality of chromatograph peaks corresponding to one or a plurality of other components has been achieved, from the time at which the peak starts to rise from the baseline until the peak has completely returned to the baseline, are successively fractionated separately, and if complete separation cannot be achieved for a single component, the fractionated fraction is subjected to additional chromatography, and if complete separation is achieved, the fractionated fraction is subjected to chiral chromatography.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of identifying a biomarker of renal failure, said biomarker being available from urine or blood, and fluctuating from an early stage than glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine level, and thus developing a technique for diagnosing early stage kidney failure. A method for analyzing the blood, plasma, serum or urine of a renal failure suspected subject comprises a step of measuring the concentration of a pair of D-form and L-form of at least one amino acid selected from the amino acid group consisting of [D-serine] and [L-serine], etc., contained in the blood, plasma, serum or urine of the subject, and calculating, as an pathological index of the subject, the ratio of the D-form concentration to the L-form concentration or the percentage of the D-form concentration relative to the total concentration of the D-form and L-form.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of identifying a biomarker of renal failure, said biomarker being available from urine or blood, and fluctuating from an early stage than glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine level, and thus developing a technique for diagnosing early stage kidney failure. A method for analyzing the blood, plasma, serum or urine of a renal failure suspected subject comprises a step of measuring the concentration of a pair of D-form and L-form of at least one amino acid selected from the amino acid group consisting of [D-serine] and [L-serine], etc., contained in the blood, plasma, serum or urine of the subject, and calculating, as an pathological index of the subject, the ratio of the D-form concentration to the L-form concentration or the percentage of the D-form concentration relative to the total concentration of the D-form and L-form.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide: a method for predicting the prognosis for kidney disease for a subject on the basis of the amount of D- and L-amino acids, from a blood sample; and an analysis system that determines prognosis predictions. This purpose is achieved by using at least one amino acid to predict the prognosis for kidney disease, said amino acid being selected from the group consisting of D-serine, D-asparagine, D-proline, D-alanine, D-leucine, D-lysine, D-allo-isoleucine, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-tryptophan, and L-asparagine.