Abstract: An actuator system that picks up workpieces aims to shorten tact time and to reduce damages to workpieces. The actuator system includes an actuator that picks up a workpiece, an external force detection sensor that detects a physical quantity that is correlated with an external force that is applied to the workpiece, a head unit that is connected to the actuator and the external force detection sensor without a communication network, the head unit being configured to control the actuator based on a sensing result from the external force detection sensor when a pickup request signal that is a signal requesting pickup of the workpiece is received, and a control device that is connected to the head unit over the communication network, the control device being configured to transmit the pickup request signal to the head unit.

Abstract: The engine controller includes storage which stores a fuel efficiency operation line for optimizing engine fuel consumption and a booming noise avoidance operation line for keeping the booming noise below a certain limit. The operation point region where the booming noise exceeding the certain limit is generated is a booming noise region. The fuel efficiency operation line passes through the booming noise region. In contrast, the booming noise avoidance operation line does not pass through the booming noise region. The controller controls the engine according to the booming noise avoidance operation line. The controller controls the engine according to the fuel efficiency operation line for a predetermined period after determining that the driver intends to change the speed of the vehicle.

Abstract: An electronic control unit is configured to generate a pulse width modulation signal of a plurality of switching elements based on a modulation factor and a voltage phase of a voltage based on a torque command of a motor and a pulse number per unit cycle of an electric angle of the motor and perform switching of the switching elements. The electronic control unit is configured to generate the pulse width modulation signal of the switching elements such that total loss of the motor and an inverter when a heat conversion request of drive electric power of the motor has been issued becomes greater than the total loss when the heat conversion request has not been issued.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electronic control unit configured to perform control of an inverter by switching a plurality of controls including: first PWM control of generating a first PWM signal of a plurality of switching elements by comparison of voltage commands of respective phases based on a torque command of a motor with a carrier voltage and switching the plurality of switching elements; and second PWM control of generating a second PWM signal of the plurality of switching elements based on a modulation factor of a voltage and a voltage phase based on the torque command and the number of pulses in a predetermined period of an electrical angle of the motor and switching the plurality of switching elements. The electronic control unit is configured to limit execution of the second PWM control when an abnormality occurs in at least one of the current sensor or the voltage sensor.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to perform control of an inverter by switching a plurality of controls including i) first PWM control of generating a first PWM signal of a plurality of switching elements by comparison of voltage commands of respective phases based on a torque command of a motor with a carrier voltage and switching the plurality of switching elements, and ii) second PWM control of generating a second PWM signal of the plurality of switching elements based on a modulation factor of a voltage and a voltage phase based on the torque command and the number of pulses in a predetermined period of an electrical angle of the motor and switching the plurality of switching elements. The electronic control unit is configured to limit execution of the second PWM control when an abnormality occurs in the rotational position sensor.

Abstract: An electronic control unit is configured to generate a pulse width modulation signal of a plurality of switching elements based on a modulation factor and a voltage phase of a voltage based on a torque command of a motor and a pulse number per unit cycle of an electric angle of the motor and perform switching of the switching elements. The electronic control unit is configured to generate the pulse width modulation signal of the switching elements such that total loss of the motor and an inverter when a heat conversion request of drive electric power of the motor has been issued becomes greater than the total loss when the heat conversion request has not been issued.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit is configured to perform control of an inverter by switching a plurality of controls including i) first PWM control of generating a first PWM signal of a plurality of switching elements by comparison of voltage commands of respective phases based on a torque command of a motor with a carrier voltage and switching the plurality of switching elements, and ii) second PWM control of generating a second PWM signal of the plurality of switching elements based on a modulation factor of a voltage and a voltage phase based on the torque command and the number of pulses in a predetermined period of an electrical angle of the motor and switching the plurality of switching elements. The electronic control unit is configured to limit execution of the second PWM control when an abnormality occurs in the rotational position sensor.

Abstract: A vehicle includes an electronic control unit configured to perform control of an inverter by switching a plurality of controls including: first PWM control of generating a first PWM signal of a plurality of switching elements by comparison of voltage commands of respective phases based on a torque command of a motor with a carrier voltage and switching the plurality of switching elements; and second PWM control of generating a second PWM signal of the plurality of switching elements based on a modulation factor of a voltage and a voltage phase based on the torque command and the number of pulses in a predetermined period of an electrical angle of the motor and switching the plurality of switching elements. The electronic control unit is configured to limit execution of the second PWM control when an abnormality occurs in at least one of the current sensor or the voltage sensor.

Abstract: The complement receptor sCR1 which can be utilized in analyzing the three-dimensional structure of sCR1 and is very useful as a complement activity inhibitor is provided in crystal form. Animal cells producing the complement receptor sCR1 are cultured in a two-step culture process using a serum-containing medium and a serum-free medium, the culture fluid or treated culture fluid obtained is purified in a two-step process employing affinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography, and the purified product is crystallized.

Abstract: Super clean air having therein chemical components—such as hydrocarbons, organic halogens, acidic gases, basic gases, aldehydes, nitrogen oxides, and H2O (that is, all components other than oxygen, nitrogen, and noble gases—the types of chemical components differ depending on the source of the air)—in concentrations no more than 1 ppb and a dew point lower than −40° C., is obtained from the atmosphere by low-temperature adsorption treatment in stages at temperatures ranging from −40° C. to −180° C. Material air collected from the atmosphere is pretreated in a room-temperature adsorption step to remove moisture and carbon dioxide. The pretreated air is then low-temperature adsorption treated by absorbents in a plurality of steps to adsorb the gaseous chemical components, the treatment temperature being lower in each succeeding step. Treatment at −40° C. may remove, for example, HF, SO2, and/or NH3. Treatment at −100° C.

Abstract: Super clean air suitable for use in a tunnel-type wafer transport system, etc., is produced efficiently with the specific energy consumption reduced and the yield improved by making good use of part of cooling energy and gas produced in a low temperature separation type nitrogen producing apparatus. Material air 1a collected from the atmosphere is pretreated in a room temperature adsorption tower 7, this pretreated air is adsorption treated at -60.degree. C. in a first low temperature adsorption tower 9, and the treated air 1c is further adsorption treated at -150.degree. C. in a second low temperature adsorption tower 10, thereby producing super clean air 1e containing not higher than 1 ppb of the chemical components other than nitrogen, oxygen and noble gases and having a dew point of not higher than -100.degree. C.

Abstract: To obtain stable linear torque-output characteristics over a wide torque range in a magnetostrictive torque detecting apparatus having a shaft to be measured, an exciting coil for magnetically exciting the shaft, and a detecting coil for detecting magnetostrictive components generated in the shaft distorted by a torque, the shaft is particularly composed of a substrate shaft portion made of a high yield point material and a shape anisotropic layer portion made of a high magnetostrictive material metallographically welded on an outer surface of the substrate shaft. The welded shape anisotropic layer portion is formed with two symmetrical groups of concave/convex portions each arranged at regular angular intervals on the outer circumferential surface thereof at an inclination angle with respect to the axial direction of the shaft.

Abstract: A magnetostriction type torque sensor employs a plurality of detector coils arranged in axial arrangement along an objective rotary body. The detector coils are so designed and arranged as to compensate influence of temperature, particularly the error caused due to axial temperature gradient caused in the objective rotary body.

Abstract: A radiant-energy temperature measuring apparatus of a scanning type having a linear array of light-sensitive elements which generate photoelectric signals corresponding to respective amounts of radiant energy produced at different points of an object and vicinities thereof on a straight line corresponding to the above linear array, and further having a device for determining a temperature of the object at desired one of its different points, based on the photoelectric signal generated by one of the light-sensitive elements which optically matches the desired one point of the object. The apparatus includes an edge detector for detecting an edge of the object, based on the photoelectric signals generated by the light-sensitive elements, and a selector for selecting the desired one point of the object, by designating a number of the light-sensitive elements as counted from the element corresponding to the detected edge of the object, to the element which corresponds to the above-indicated desired one point.

Abstract: The temperature of an object within a heating furnace is accurately measured, even in a contaminated atmosphere, by receiving microwaves within a specific 1 to 10 cm wavelength range by means of an antenna provided near the wall of the furnace facing the surface of the object to be measured. The temperature of the object is obtained by amplifying, and converting the relative intensity of the microwaves. The antenna is preferably in the form of a parabolic antenna having a heat insulating material applied to its front surface to maintain a constant temperature, and a circuit added to compensate for any sensitivity fluctuation due to temperature changes in the parabolic antenna.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting flaws on the circumference of a rounded bar of metal. A circular rotator means held by a support is rotated around the material to be inspected for flaws. The rotator means has a number of probes which are revolved around the circumference of the material to detect flaws when the rotator means is rotated. If and when the material deviates from its axis predetermined through the apparatus while passing therethrough, the deviation is detected and the support is displaced in the same direction and distance as the material so that the probes remain spaced apart from the circumference of the material at a predetermined distance while inspecting the material for flaws.

Abstract: Method of thermal plastic working of metal materials whereby a material is heated or cooled with measurements being made of variations in the metallographical condition of the material which may occur as the temperature of the material is varied due to the foregoing treatment. If the measurement shows that the material has effected a sudden change in its metallographical condition, the temperature having caused such a sudden change or higher temperature may be used to perform a desired plastic working of the material in its most plastic-workable condition.