Abstract: Disclosed in a novel liquid-crystalline compound which is a naphthalene derivative useful as an electro-optical liquid crystal display material, a liquid crystal composition containing such naphthalene derivatives and a liquid crystal display device comprising the same. The naphthalene derivative provided by the present invention exhibits an excellent liquid-crystallinity and miscibility with currently widely used liquid crystal compositions or compositions. The addition of the naphthalene derivative makes it possible to drastically lower the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal composition while maintaining its high response. The naphthalene derivative of the present invention is characterized by a large birefringence index. Further, most of the naphthalene derivative of the present invention has no strongly polar group in its molecule and thus can also be used for active matrix driving.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel liquid-crystalline compound which is a naphthalene derivative useful as an electro-optical liquid crystal display material, a liquid crystal composition containing such naphthalene derivatives and a liquid crystal display device comprising the same. The naphthalene derivative provided by the present invention exhibits an excellent liquid-crystallinity and miscibility with currently widely used liquid crystal compositions or compositions. The addition of the naphthalene derivative makes it possible to drastically lower the threshold voltage of the liquid crystal composition while maintaining its high response. The naphthalene derivative of the present invention is characterized by a large birefringence index. Further, most of the naphthalene derivative of the present invention has no strongly polar group in its molecule and thus can also be used for active matrix driving.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal compound, a nematic liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal display system using the composition are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal compound, a nematic liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal display system using the composition are disclosed herein. The liquid crystal compound is represented by the general formula (I): wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a straight chain alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms and each of X, Y and Z independently represents hydrogen atom or fluorine atom. The nematic liquid crystal composition of the present invention can provide liquid crystal materials in response to desired purposes even by its addition in a small amount without spoiling other characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed is to provide an azine derivative as a novel liquid crystal compound, a novel process for the preparation of an asymmetrical azine in a high reaction yield with an extremely small amount of by-products such as symmetrical azines, a nematic liquid crystal composition containing the azine derivative which exhibits a broad driving temperature range and an excellent response for the desired high birefringence index, a liquid crystal display device such as TN-LCD, STN-LCD and TFT-LCD having improved electro-optical properties comprising the liquid crystal composition as a constituent material, and a light-scattering type liquid crystal display system which exhibits a suppressed memory phenomenon, a higher uniformity in turbidity for display and improved display properties and response against temperature change while maintaining and improving the required display properties such as fast switching time, lower voltage driving, higher light-control layer resistivity and higher contrast ratio even in the for

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprising a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein each of Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is independently F, Cl, CN, OCN, SCN, OCF.sub.3, OCF.sub.2 H, OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, R, --OR, --COOR or --OCOR, wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxyalkyl, provided that at least one of Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is R, --OR, --COOR or --OCOR; each of Z, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 is independently a single bond. CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.dbd.C--, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, OCH.sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --O-- or --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --: ring A is a group of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, X.sup.5, X.sup.6, X.sup.7, X.sup.8, X.sup.9, and X.sup.

Abstract: A cyclic hydrocarbon derivative represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each of Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is independently F, Cl, CN, OCN, SCN, OCF.sub.3, OCF.sub.2 H, OCF.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, R, --OR, --COOR or --OCOR, wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxyalkyl, provided that at least one of Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 is R, --OR, --COOR or --OCOR; each of Z, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 is independently a single bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C--, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 O--, OCH.sub.2 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --O-- or --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --; ring A is group of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein each of X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, X.sup.5, X.sup.6, X.sup.7, X.sup.8, X.sup.9, and X.sup.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group having from 2 to 16 carbon atoms; rings A, B, C, and D each represents a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group having one or two halogen atoms; Y represents a single bond, ##STR2## m and n each represents 0 or 1; p represents 0, 1, or 2; q represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 6; and C* and C** each represents an asymmetric carbon atom in an (S)- or (R)-configuration, and a liquid crystal composition containing the compound of formula (I). The compound of formula (I) is a chiral liquid crystal compound exhibiting large spontaneous polarization, a long helical pitch, an SC* phase in a broad temperature range including room temperature, satisfactory orientation, and a high rate of response.

Abstract: A 2,5-disubstituted pyrizine derivative and a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine derivative of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;X represents a halogen atom; and ##STR2## represents a pyrazine-2,5-diyl or a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group; each useful as an electrooptical display material are disclosed. Further a liquid crystal composition comprising said compounds as well as a ferroelectric display device wherein said liquid crystal composition is used are disclosed.

Abstract: An optically active lactone derivative represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkoxyl, alkanoyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkanoyloxy, or alkoxyalkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an optically active group of each of the above kinds, R.sup.2 represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, ##STR2## or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group of the formula and the asymmetric carbon atoms at the 2- and 4-positions in the lactone ring each independently is of the (S) or (R) configuration, an intermediate therefor, a process for producing the intermediate, a liquid-crystal composition, and a liquid-crystal display device.

Abstract: A 2,5-disubstituted pyrazine derivative and a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine derivative of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms;X represents a halogen atom; and ##STR2## represents a pyrazine-2,5-diyl or a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group; each useful as an electrooptical display material are disclosed. Further a liquid crystal composition comprising said compounds as well as a ferroelectric display device wherein said liquid crystal composition is used are disclosed.

Abstract: An optically active carboxylic acid derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a normal alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m and n represent 0 or 1 but are not 1 at the same time, X represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, Y represents a hydrogen or fluorine atom, provided that when Y is a hydrogen atom, X is a halogen atom, and that when n is 0, Y is ahydrogen atom, and Q* represents an optically active alkyl or 1-alkoxyethyl group having an asymmetric carbon atom.

Abstract: An optically active carboxylic acid derivative represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a normal alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, m and n represent 0 or 1 but are not 1 at the same time, X represents a hydrogen or halogen atom, Y represents a hydrogen or fluorine atom, provided that when Y is a hydrogen atom, X is a halogen atom, and that when n is 0, Y is a hydrogen atom, and Q* represents an optically active alkyl or 1-alkoxyethyl group having an asymmetric carbon atom.