Abstract: An image forming apparatus which forms an image on a recording material, which has: a writing section to write according to the image data; an oscillator to generate a synchronized synchronizing clock signal; a spreading clock generator to spread the band of a synchronized reference clock and generate spreading clock signals; and a plurality of control circuits to control the image forming apparatus and each section of the image forming apparatus including a writing control circuit to control the writing section. More than one control circuits in the control circuits other than the writing control circuit are driven by the spreading clock signals, and the writing control circuit is driven by the synchronizing clock signal.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, is provided with a fixing device including a heat source to receive power supply and to generate heat, and a temperature sensor to detect a temperature of the heat source; a control section to conduct a heat source temperature control and an abnormal temperature detecting control in response to a detection result of the temperature sensor; and an electric power cutout section to cut out the power supply to the heat source on a basis of the abnormal temperature detecting control by the control section. The control section conducts the heat source temperature control for the fixing device and/or the abnormal temperature detecting control for the electric power cutout section with at least two CPUs.

Abstract: An image-reading apparatus for reading an image formed on a document is provided which includes an automatic document feeder, a dynamic-document reading section, a static-document reading section, and a document-covering member. A light source mechanism irradiates an exposing light onto the document at either the dynamic-document reading section or the static-document reading section. When the automatic document feeder is opened with regard to the dynamic-document reading section and a stationary document is placed on the static-document reading section to read the image formed on the document, a controller controls the light source mechanism so that substantially none of the exposing light emitted from the light source mechanism leaks outside through the dynamic-document reading section.

Abstract: An image-reading apparatus for reading an image formed on a document is provided which includes an automatic document feeder, a dynamic-document reading section, a static-document reading section, and a document-covering member. A light source mechanism irradiates an exposing light onto the document at either the dynamic-document reading section or the static-document reading section. A shutter member is provided which is movable between a shading position at which the shutter member blocks a portion of the emitted exposing light, and a non-shading position at which the shutter member does not block the exposing light. When the document is moved by the automatic document feeder at the dynamic-document reading section to read the image on the document, the shutter member is positioned at the non-shading position. When the document is stationarily placed on the static-document reading section to read the image, the shutter member is positioned at the shading position.

Abstract: A switch of the present invention is featured as one employing: a contact to make and break an electrical circuit, and an electromagnet, both of which are installed in a case, and a handle to make and break the contact by operation from outside of the case, wherein a permanent magnet is installed with one of its poles facing the electromagnet inside of the handle, and wherein the direction of the current passing through the electromagnet is changed so that the permanent magnets are attracted to or released from the electromagnet, and thereby the contact is opened or closed.

Abstract: A switch of the present invention is featured as one employing:

Abstract: An image-reading apparatus for reading an image formed on a document, comprises an automatic document feeder; a dynamic-document reading section; a static-document reading section; a document-covering member; a light source mechanism for irradiating an exposing light onto the document at either the dynamic-document reading section or the static-document reading section; an image-capturing element; and a controller.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which forms an image on a recording mateial, which has: a writing section to write according to the image data; an oscillator to generate a synchronized synchronizing clock signal; a spreading clock generator to spread the band of a synchronized reference clock and generate spreading clock signals; and a plurality of control circuits to control the image forming apparatus and each section of the image forming apparatus including a writing control circuit to control the writing section. More than one control circuits in the control circuits other than the writing control circuit are driven by the spreading clock signals, and the writing control cirucit is driven by the synchronizing clock signal.

Abstract: In an electric power supply for supplying electric power, after a power factor has been improved, to an equipment having a power saving mode which is transferred to the power saving mode when the equipment is not operated for a predetermined period of time, the electric power supply includes: a power factor improvement section for improving the power factor by a switching operation; and a switch provided between a power source and the power factor improvement section for switching the electric power to either the power factor improvement section or the equipment. When the equipment is transferred to the power saving mode, the electric power is supplied by the switch to the equipment without passing through the power factor improvement section.

Abstract: An input device, in use with a copier, for inputting image editing information corresponding to an image on a document. The device includes a platen glass having a transparent body; a scanner for scanning the image of the document through the transparent body of the platen glass; a printer for duplicating the image of the document, which is scanned by the scanner, onto a recording sheet; and an input touch panel for inputting the image editing information corresponding to the image. The input device includes a detector for detecting a pressing force toward the input touch panel and a location of operation of the input touch panel by the operator in which the input touch panel is equipped on the transparent body of the platen glass.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, such as a copier, includes an unapproved copy preventor mechanism. The image forming apparatus includes a support such as a platen glass for supporting an original document; a light irradiation source for irradiating the original document with a light beam; and a detectors for detecting predetermined wavelength components of a reflected light from the original document which is irradiated with the irradiating light beam. The detector generates detection signals based on the detection of the predetermined wavelength components of the reflected light. An evaluator circuit determines whether the original document is a document which prohibits a production of an unapproved copy based on the detection signals.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus, such as a copier, includes an unapproved copy preventor mechanism. The image forming apparatus includes a support such as a platen glass for supporting an original document; a light irradiation source for irradiating the original document with a light beam; and a detectors for detecting predetermined wavelength components of a reflected light from the original document which is irradiated with the irradiating light beam. The detector generates detection signals based on the detection of the predetermined wavelength components of the reflected light. An evaluator circuit determines whether the original document is a document which prohibits a production of an unapproved copy based on the detection signals.

Abstract: A communication network and method of design thereof uses end-to-end delay distribution functions and loss probabilities as design constraint to ensure that all packets of all traffic classes on all end-to-end node pairs of the network reach a destination within a predetermined maximum allowable delay with a given probability. An end-to-end delay distribution function is determined for every end-to-end path for all traffic classes to find a path with a minimum distribution probability value. A distribution function is determined for each link of the path having a minimum distribution probability value to determine a most congested link, the capacity of which is increased until a given minimum probability value of distribution is determined.

Abstract: A photoelectric copier for reproducing an image of a document onto a recording sheet, comprising a document supporter, a conveyer for conveying the document onto the document supporter, a scanner for scanning the document on the document supporter and generating an image signal, and an image determiner for determining a density and a color of the image according to the image signal, wherein the scanner is positioned at a predetermined location in a conveyance path of the document before the document is conveyed onto the document supporter and a first scanning, wherein the image is scanned by the scanner while the scanner is stayed at the predetermined location and the document is conveyed onto the document supporter, is executed so that the density and the color are determined by the image determiner according to the image signal.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus for transferring a toner image from a photoreceptor to a recording sheet. The apparatus includes a plurality of rollers and a belt stretched around the plurality of rollers. The belt is adapted to come in contact with the photoreceptor at a transfer area so that a recording sheet is conveyed on the belt and brought in contact with the image surface at the transfer area and that the toner image is transferred onto the recording sheet. The apparatus further includes a conductive member, disposed so as to come in contact with the belt on one of the plurality of rollers which is positioned upstream in conveying direction than the transfer area, for charging the recording sheet conveyed on the belt.

Abstract: A color image forming apparatus includes an image reader which reads an image of an original by scanning the original and separating the scanned image into at least two colors, an image processor which processes the output of the image reader to output at least two-color image data, an image recorder which forms at least two color images in the image region of an image retainer, the color images being formed on the basis of the image data and then transferred to copying paper, a color discrimination which discriminates chromatic conditions of first and second pages separately by preliminarily scanning under a continuous page copying mode and an automatic color selection mode, and a color controller for automatically determining available colors and copying processes on the basis of color data for the first page and likewise, available colors and copying processes on the basis of color date for the second page.