Abstract: A complex rotating in the presence of ATP, which has three A subunits, three B subunits and one D subunit constituting the V1 portion of a V0V1,-ATPase.

Abstract: An illumination system uses rotatable, polarized illumination optics to detect the direction of highly efficient excitation of fluorescent dyes coupled to a sample, or the absorption transition moment, using information on the direction of maximal fluorescence intensity, in which it is possible to detect individual dynamic changes in the internal structure or orientation of an entire protein molecule by coupling a single fluorescent dye molecule to the protein molecule. The polarized total internal reflection illumination optical system by rotary annulus light is also an illumination optical system in which laser beams are introduced into the objective lens of a microscope at the peripheral region by means of the rotatable illumination direction of the laser beams, and is designed to illuminate by the evanescent field that contains only transverse components that are perpendicular to the direction of radiation from the optical axis of the objective lens.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an illumination system that use rotatable, polarized illumination optics to detect the direction of highly efficient excitation of fluorescent dyes coupled to a sample, or the absorption transition moment, using information on the direction of maximal fluorescence intensity. The present invention also makes it possible to detect individual dynamic changes in the internal structure or orientation of an entire protein molecule by coupling a single fluorescent dye molecule to the protein molecule.

Abstract: A complex rotating in the presence of ATP, which has three A subunits, three B subunits and one D subunit constituting the V1 portion of a V0V1,-ATPase.

Abstract: Disclosed are 1) compositions comprising isolated monomeric subunits of chaperonin-60 or truncated fragments thereof that promote the folding of a polypeptide chain in vitro, 2) monomeric subunits of chaperonin-60 or truncated fragments thereof, immobilized on a solid surface, that promote also the folding of a polypeptide chain in vitro, 3) methods for preparing and/or immobilizing the monomeric subunits of chaperonin-60 or truncated fragments thereof, and 4) methods for folding polypeptide chains, specifically polypeptide chains expressed in a heterologous expression system, in vitro using the monomeric subunits of chaperonin-60 or truncated fragments thereof.