Abstract: A battery module including a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells is stacked, a container filled with a liquid and containing the battery cell stack, and a pressurizer for pressurizing the liquid that is filled in the container. The battery cells are solid-state battery cells. The battery cell stack is packaged with a packaging material. The liquid contains an oil and a heat-absorbing material. The heat-absorbing material has an endothermic reaction initiation temperature of 80° C. or greater and 190° C. or less.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel cell vehicle includes supplying electric power to a vehicle drive motor from at least one of a fuel cell and a battery. It is determined whether an electric potential of electric power output from the fuel cell is within a deterioration acceleration region in which the fuel cell is deteriorated due to a platinum oxidation-reduction reaction. The fuel cell is controlled in a deterioration suppressing mode when the electric potential is within the deterioration acceleration region in a state where the fuel cell and the battery supply electric power to the vehicle drive motor.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel cell vehicle includes supplying electric power to a vehicle drive motor from at least one of a fuel cell and a battery. It is determined whether an electric potential of electric power output from the fuel cell is within a deterioration acceleration region in which the fuel cell is deteriorated due to a platinum oxidation-reduction reaction. The fuel cell is controlled in a deterioration suppressing mode when the electric potential is within the deterioration acceleration region in a state where the fuel cell and the battery supply electric power to the vehicle drive motor.

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel cell includes the steps of detecting hydrogen peroxide concentration during power generation by a hydrogen peroxide concentration sensor provided directly on a membrane electrode assembly and determining an operating condition of the fuel cell based on the detected hydrogen peroxide concentration.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a cathode, and an anode. The surface size of a cathode side electrode catalyst layer of the cathode is smaller than the surface size of an anode side electrode catalyst layer of the anode. An inner end of a gas impermeable film provided around the anode side electrode catalyst layer and an outer end of a cathode side electrode catalyst layer are overlapped with each other on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly of a fuel cell includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, a cathode, and an anode. The surface size of a cathode side electrode catalyst layer of the cathode is smaller than the surface size of an anode side electrode catalyst layer of the anode. An inner end of a gas impermeable film provided around the anode side electrode catalyst layer and an outer end of a cathode side electrode catalyst layer are overlapped with each other on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane.

Abstract: A fuel supplying apparatus for maintaining a stable supply of a mixed water-methanol solution while preventing water from freezing in a cold climate, and for immediately supplying a mixed water-methanol gas that has a composition which is outside of the high-rate reaction region during the starting/stopping operation of the reformer when the control tends to be unstable. The methanol reforming apparatus that generates a hydrogen-rich gas by reacting a mixed gas of water, methanol and air on a catalyst is supplied with the fuel from a fuel supplying apparatus comprising a mixed water-methanol solution tank wherein the molar ratio of water and methanol used for reforming is controlled to a predetermined value, a mixed water-methanol solution tank wherein the molar ratio of water and methanol is controlled to 4.6 or higher, and a switching means that switches the mixed water-methanol solution tank used as a fuel source according to the conditions of operation of the methanol reforming apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reforming apparatus and a scavenging method for the reforming apparatus that simplifies the system for the operation stop of the apparatus without requiring an inert gas for scavenging and can limit the degradation of the catalyst. The present invention comprises a reformer 3 that generates a hydrogen rich gas from a fuel stream by a reforming reaction using a reforming catalyst, a fuel introducing device 4 that can introduce a fuel stream into a reformer 3, a selective oxidizing apparatus 12 that oxidizes carbon monoxide in the reformed gas into carbon dioxide by a selective oxidizing reaction using a selective oxidizing catalyst, and an air introducing device 5 that can introduce air into the reformer 3, and wherein the reforming catalyst of the reformer 3 is a noble metal catalyst carried by a metallic oxide, and the selective oxidizing catalyst of the selective oxidizing apparatus 12 is a catalyst that incorporates platinum.

Abstract: A fuel supplying apparatus for maintaining a stable supply of a mixed water-methanol solution while preventing water from freezing in a cold climate, and for immediately supplying a mixed water-methanol gas that has a composition which is outside of the high-rate reaction region during the starting/stopping operation of the reformer when the control tends to be unstable. The methanol reforming apparatus that generates a hydrogen-rich gas by reacting a mixed gas of water, methanol and air on a catalyst is supplied with the fuel from a fuel supplying apparatus comprising a mixed water-methanol solution tank wherein the molar ratio of water and methanol used for reforming is controlled to a predetermined value, a mixed water-methanol solution tank wherein the molar ratio of water and methanol is controlled to 4.6 or higher, and a switching means that switches the mixed water-methanol solution tank used as a fuel source according to the conditions of operation of the methanol reforming apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention presents: (1) a starting method that is capable of quickly switching to the reforming process after warming up a catalyst; (2) a fuel supplying apparatus that is capable of maintaining a stable supply of a mixed water-methanol solution while preventing water from freezing in a cold climate, and is also capable of immediately supplying a mixed water-methanol gas that has a composition which is outside of the high-rate reaction region during the starting/stopping operation of the reformer when the control tends to be unstable; (3) a method to quickly cool down a catalyst layer without causing thermal runaway when stopping the operation of the methanol reforming apparatus; and (4) a method to quickly cool down the catalyst layer while preventing thermal runaway from occurring and removing residual fuel when stopping the operation of the methanol reforming apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention presents: (1) a starting method that is capable of quickly switching to the reforming process after warming up a catalyst; (2) a fuel supplying apparatus that is capable of maintaining a stable supply of a mixed water-methanol solution while preventing water from freezing in a cold climate, and is also capable of immediately supplying a mixed water-methanol gas that has a composition which is outside of the high-rate reaction region during the starting/stopping operation of the reformer when the control tends to be unstable; (3) a method to quickly cool down a catalyst layer without causing thermal runaway when stopping the operation of the methanol reforming apparatus; and (4) a method to quickly cool down the catalyst layer while preventing thermal runaway from occurring and removing residual fuel when stopping the operation of the methanol reforming apparatus.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaner is constituted of an Ag catalyst carrying an Ag component and a base metal catalyst carrying a Cu component and optionally W, V, Mo components, and a noble metal catalyst carrying a noble metal component. The base metal catalyst and the noble metal catalyst may be physically mixed to form a mixed catalyst. Another exhaust gas cleaner is constituted of the first Ag catalyst carrying an Ag component, the second Ag catalyst carrying an Ag component, a base metal catalyst carrying a Cu component and optionally W, V, Mo components, and a noble metal catalyst carrying a noble metal component. The second Ag catalyst carries the Ag component in an amount larger than that of the first Ag catalyst. The noble metal catalyst is physically mixed with the base metal catalyst to form a mixed catalyst. The exhaust gas cleaner can effectively remove nitrogen oxides in a wide temperature range of exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaner is constituted of an Ag catalyst carrying an Ag component and a base metal catalyst carrying a Cu component and optionally W, V, Mo components, and a noble metal catalyst carrying a noble metal component. The base metal catalyst and the noble metal catalyst may be physically mixed to form a mixed catalyst. Another exhaust gas cleaner is constituted of the first Ag catalyst carrying an Ag component, the second Ag catalyst carrying an Ag component, a base metal catalyst carrying a Cu component and optionally W, V, Mo components, and a noble metal catalyst carrying a noble metal component. The second Ag catalyst carries the Ag component in an amount larger than that of the first Ag catalyst. The noble metal catalyst is physically mixed with the base metal catalyst to form a mixed catalyst. The exhaust gas cleaner can effectively remove nitrogen oxides in a wide temperature range of exhaust gas.

Abstract: An exhaust gas cleaner is constituted by a first Ag catalyst, a second Ag catalyst, a transition metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of a Pt catalyst, a W catalyst, a W+Pt catalyst and a mixed catalyst of the Pt catalyst and the W catalyst. The second Ag catalyst and the Pt catalyst may be physically mixed together to form a mixed catalyst. Another exhaust gas cleaner is constituted by an Ag catalyst, a Cu catalyst and a W+Pt catalyst. The Cu catalyst and the W+Pt catalyst may be physically mixed together to form a mixed catalyst. Still another exhaust gas cleaner is constituted by a mixed catalyst of an Ag catalyst and a Cu catalyst. The exhaust gas cleaner can effectively remove nitrogen oxides in a wide temperature range of exhaust gas.

Abstract: The method of cleaning an exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxides including disposing an exhaust gas cleaner comprising a heat-resistant, porous body, which may support a catalyst consisting essentially of (a) at least one of alkali metal elements; (b) at least one of elements selected from the group consisting of Cu, Co, Mn and V, (c) at least one of rare earth elements, in a flow path of the exhaust gas, spraying a liquid hydrocarbon into a stream of the exhaust gas on the upstream side of the exhaust gas cleaner, thereby causing atomized and gasified hydrocarbon to function as a reducing agent for reducing the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas.