Abstract: [Problem] To provide an imaging element in which generation of optical noise is suppressed. [Solution] An imaging element 10 includes a semiconductor substrate 101, a photoelectric conversion portion PD disposed in the semiconductor substrate 101, a charge holding portion MEM disposed in the semiconductor substrate 101, a gate 130 of a transfer transistor TRX, TRY, or TRG arranged on a region of a bottom surface 101A of the semiconductor substrate 101, the region overlapping the charge holding portion MEM, a sidewall 131 formed around the gate 130, and an in-substrate-shielding portion 112 that is a light-shielding portion disposed in a boundary region of a sensor pixel 50 in the semiconductor substrate 101 to extend like a wall from a light-receiving surface 101B of the semiconductor substrate 101toward the bottom surface 101A side.

Abstract: A plurality of first vacuum pads for suctioning a workpiece are directly or indirectly attached to a main body. A slider is configured to slide in an outward direction of the main body. When the slider slides to protrude in the outward direction of the main body while the first vacuum pads are suctioning the workpiece, a sensor detects an end portion of the workpiece. While the sensor detects the end portion of the workpiece and the slider is stopped, a second vacuum pad holds up the end portion of the workpiece by suctioning the workpiece at a position outside from positions at which the first vacuum pads suction the workpiece.

Abstract: A system for preventing unauthorized use of digital content that can prevent unauthorized use of digital content and can reliably collect a charge for secondary use is provided. The system for preventing unauthorized use may include: a distributing recording medium ? on which a content file having header information “A” and a data body “B” is recorded in a state of lacking play information “A1” indispensable for playing the data body “B” included in the header information a; a management center managing use of the content file on the distributing recording medium ? and which can deliver the prepared play information “A1” of the header information “A” as piece data via a communication line ?; and a digital content playing device which is a device used for playing the content file on the distributing recording medium ? and has a function of communicating via the communication line ? with the management center.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to prevent illegal use of data (digital contents), and a second object is to provide a method for processing data which ensures the collection of charges for secondary use of the data, a data reading method for reading the data processed by this processing method, and a recording medium storing programs implementing these methods. The method for processing data is such that in a method for processing a data body b which is encrypted and is decrypted on a decryption bit length basis, and thereby is reproduced, the data body b is encrypted, a part of this data body b with a bit length different from the decryption bit length is omitted, and the omitted part is closed so as to make the data continuous.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to prevent illegal use of data (digital contents), and a second object is to provide a method for processing data which ensures the collection of charges for secondary use of the data, a data reading method for reading the data processed by this processing method, and a recording medium storing programs implementing these methods. The method for processing data is such that in a method for processing a data body b which is encrypted and is decrypted on a decryption bit length basis, and thereby is reproduced, the data body b is encrypted, a part of this data body b with a bit length different from the decryption bit length is omitted, and the omitted part is closed so as to make the data continuous.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a system for preventing unauthorized use of digital content which can prevent unauthorized use of digital content and can reliably collect a charge for secondary use. Basically, a system for preventing unauthorized use of digital content has: a distributing recording medium ? on which a content file having header information “A” and a data body “B” is recorded in a state of lacking play information “A1” indispensable for playing the data body “B” included in the header information a; a management center 110 which is management means managing use of the content file on the distributing recording medium ? and can deliver the prepared play information “A1” of the header information “A” as piece data via a communication line ?; and a digital content playing device 120 which is a device used for playing the content file on the distributing recording medium ? and has a function of communicating via the communication line ? with the management center 110.