Abstract: A vehicular headlamp includes a light source on which a light emitting diode is mounted on a substrate, a heat spreading plate attached to the substrate so as to be capable of transferring heat, a holding member integrated with the heat spreading plate, a heat pipe comprising a first end portion and a second end portion, each of which having a circular cross-section, the first end portion being rotatably engaged with the holding member, and a heat sink connected to the second end portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member on which an electrostatic latent image is formable; and a developing device including a developer carrying member, a container, and a supply roller, wherein when the developing device including the developer carrying member, to which a lubricant different from the developer is applied, is used for the first time, a first initial operation of transferring the lubricant from the developer carrying member to the image bearing member together with the developer is performed, and wherein the image forming apparatus further includes: a storage unit configured to store a suspension state when suspension is detected before the initial operation completes; and a controller configured to execute a second initial operation as an operation of resuming the suspended first initial operation on the basis of the stored suspension state.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member; a developer carrying member configured to contact with the image bearing member and to be separated from the image bearing member; a control unit for controlling the image bearing member and the developer carrying member; and a contact member disposed in contact with the image bearing member. The control unit is configured to sequentially execute: (1) rotating the image bearing member at a first speed in a separated state; (2) switching the image bearing member and the developer carrying member from the separated state to a contact state in a state in which the image bearing member rotates at the first speed; and (3) rotating the image bearing member by decreasing a rotation speed of the image bearing member from the first speed to a second speed smaller than the first speed in the contact state.

Abstract: A vapor chamber includes: an upper plate; a lower plate; a plurality of side walls disposed between the upper plate and the lower plate; a wick body that is disposed in a space sealed by the upper plate, the lower plate, and the side walls and that contacts the upper plate and the lower plate; and a pillar that is disposed in the space and contacts the upper plate and the lower plate. The wick body includes first wick portions each including a first terminal positioned in a vaporization portion, a linear portion, and a second terminal, wherein each of the first wick portions extends to the side walls from the first terminal, and a second wick portion that connects the second terminals of the first wick portions to each other.

Abstract: At least one partial measurement region is set in the longitudinal direction in a printable region of a photosensitive drum. After the photosensitive drum has been charged to a constant potential with a charging roller, different potentials are set in the partial measurement region and a region excluding the partial measurement region with a laser scanner, partial discharge information of the partial measurement region is detected by a discharge information detection unit, and a bias voltage in image formation that is applied to the charging roller is corrected on the basis of the value of the partial discharge information.

Abstract: A vehicular headlamp includes a light source on which a light emitting diode is mounted on a substrate, a heat spreading plate attached to the substrate so as to be capable of transferring heat, a holding member integrated with the heat spreading plate, a heat pipe comprising a first end portion and a second end portion, each of which having a circular cross-section, the first end portion being rotatably engaged with the holding member, and a heat sink connected to the second end portion.

Abstract: Changing of a peripheral speed ratio, resulting in change of the developer amount per unit area, enables the detection unit to detect the developer amount with sufficient accuracy.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a control unit configured to change, to a light quantity different from a plurality of reference light quantities, a light quantity per unit area of a surface of an electrical charge retention layer of a photosensitive member when an exposure unit exposes the surface in correspondence with a plurality of gradation levels, based on a plurality of exposure potentials corresponding to the plurality of gradation levels which is acquired by exposing with the exposure unit the surface with each of the plurality of reference light quantities corresponding to the plurality of gradation levels, and measuring with the measurement unit the plurality of exposure potentials of the photosensitive member which is formed by the exposure with the plurality of reference light quantities.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an acquisition portion that acquires, based on a current value detected by a detection unit, a discharge start voltage value between a photosensitive body and a charging member, in a voltage value of a voltage applied to the charging member, the discharge start voltage value being acquired from at least one of a plurality of measurement regions set by dividing an image forming region of the photosensitive body, in which an electrostatic image is formed, into a plurality of regions in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to a recording material conveyance direction; and a control portion that performs unevenness suppression control to reduce unevenness, in the longitudinal direction, of density of a developer image transferred onto the recording material based on the discharge start voltage value.

Abstract: A heat pipe having a wick structure for efficiently returning working fluid to an evaporating portion is provided. The heat pipe comprises a container 2 sealed at its both ends, a working fluid encapsulated in the container, and a wick structure 10 covering an inner face of the container. The wick structure 10 includes a porous wick 11 of a sintered metal powder, and a fiber wick 12 buried in the porous wick. A capillary pressure of the fiber wick 12 is weaker than that of the porous wick 11, and a pressure loss of the fiber wick 12 is smaller than that of the porous wick 11.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a control unit configured to change, to a light quantity different from a plurality of reference light quantities, a light quantity per unit area of a surface of an electrical charge retention layer of a photosensitive member when an exposure unit exposes the surface in correspondence with a plurality of gradation levels, based on a plurality of exposure potentials corresponding to the plurality of gradation levels which is acquired by exposing with the exposure unit the surface with each of the plurality of reference light quantities corresponding to the plurality of gradation levels, and measuring with the measurement unit the plurality of exposure potentials of the photosensitive member which is formed by the exposure with the plurality of reference light quantities.

Abstract: At least one partial measurement region is set in the longitudinal direction in a printable region of a photosensitive drum 3. After the photosensitive drum 3 has been charged to a constant potential with a charging roller 6, different potentials are set in the partial measurement region and a region excluding partial measurement region with a laser scanner 4, partial discharge information of the partial measurement region is detected by discharge information detection unit, and a bias voltage in image formation that is applied to the charging roller 6 is corrected on the basis of the value of the partial discharge information.

Abstract: When, in a state where a developer borne by a developer bearing member is sandwiched by an opposing portion of an image bearing member and the developer bearing member, C denotes capacitance between the image bearing member and the developer bearing member, ?V denotes a development contrast, Q/S denotes a charge amount per unit area of the developer borne by the developer bearing member, and ?v denotes a peripheral velocity ratio which is a ratio of a peripheral velocity of the developer bearing member to a peripheral velocity of the image bearing member, a first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|?|C×?V| is satisfied, and a second peripheral velocity ratio which is larger than the first peripheral velocity ratio is set so that |Q/S×?v|>|C×?V| is satisfied.

Abstract: Changing of a peripheral speed ratio, resulting in change of the developer amount per unit area, enables the detection unit to detect the developer amount with sufficient accuracy.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an acquisition portion that acquires, based on a current value detected by a detection unit, a discharge start voltage value between a photosensitive body and a charging member, in a voltage value of a voltage applied to the charging member, the discharge start voltage value being acquired from at least one of a plurality of measurement regions set by dividing an image forming region of the photosensitive body, in which an electrostatic image is formed, into a plurality of regions in a longitudinal direction orthogonal to a recording material conveyance direction; and a control portion that performs unevenness suppression control to reduce unevenness, in the longitudinal direction, of density of a developer image transferred onto the recording material based on the discharge start voltage value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a sheet includes an image bearing drum; a charging member for charging the drum by applying a voltage while contacting the drum; an AC voltage generating unit for generating and applying an AC voltage to the charging member; a state detector for detecting a state of the apparatus; a discharge current detector for detecting a discharge current between the charging member and the drum; a discharge current control unit for controlling the AC voltage generating unit on the basis of a result of detection of the discharge current detector; and a discriminating unit for discriminating whether to calibrate the discharge current detector before formation of the image, in accordance with a result of detection of the state detector.

Abstract: A vapor chamber is provided which includes a container including a first region which is heated and a second region which dissipates a heat and having a plate shape, and a working fluid which is encapsulated inside the container. The working fluid is evaporated by a heat transferred to a first region, after a vapor which is an evaporated working fluid flows to the second region, the heat is dissipated and the vapor is condensed, and the working fluid which is the condensed vapor is circulated to the first region.

Abstract: A cleaning member for removing a developer from a surface of a member to be cleaned includes a blade member configured to make contact with the member to be cleaned in a direction counter to a moving direction of the member to be cleaned, and a flexible plate-like supporting member configured to support the blade member, which includes one end with the blade member, the other end with a fixed portion fixed to a frame member, and a bent portion between the ends which is located outwardly away from the surface of the member to be cleaned relative to a segment connecting the fixed portion and a contact portion between the blade member and the member to be cleaned. The fixed portion arranged downstream of the moving direction of the member to be cleaned relative to the contact portion has a folded-back shape to nip part of the frame member.

Abstract: A cooling system for a data center is provided, in which a plurality of servers having exothermic electronic components is installed in a housing. The cooling system includes: a cooling circuit, a main cooling device to cool a cooling medium heated by electronic components, and an auxiliary cooling device to assist the main cooling device in cooling the cooling medium.

Abstract: A cooling system for cooling nuclear fuel stored in a pool that can prevent a lowering of water level resulting from evaporation is provided. The cooling system cools the nuclear fuels 3 stored in a bottom of the pool 2 filled with cooling water 4. The cooling water 4 comprises an upper layer formed in a water surface as side in which a density of the cooling water 4 is low, a lower layer formed in the bottom side of the pool 2 in which a density of the cooling water 4 is high, and an intermediate layer in which a density of the cooling water 4 is in between those of the cooling waters 4 in the upper layer and the lower layer. A lower end 5a of a heat pipe 5 adapted to transport heat in the form of latent heat of working fluid is situated at a site where the heat is exchanged with the cooling water 4, and an upper 5b end of the heat pipe 5 is exposed to external air. The nuclear fuel 3 is stored within the lower layer.