Abstract: There is provided a device for measuring a temperature of a metal object itself without being affected by an ambient temperature. A first invention provides a device for measuring a temperature of a metal object using at least one strain gauge, wherein the at least one strain gauge is attached to the metal object and a linear expansion coefficient of the strain gauge is different from a linear expansion coefficient of the metal object.

Abstract: There is provided a device for measuring a temperature of a metal object itself without being affected by an ambient temperature. A first invention provides a device for measuring a temperature of a metal object using at least one strain gauge, wherein the at least one strain gauge is attached to the metal object and a linear expansion coefficient of the strain gauge is different from a linear expansion coefficient of the metal object.

Abstract: Novel thioesters effective as acylating agents for amines or hydrazines, especially effective as active esters in synthesis of cephalosporin compounds are disclosed. The novel thioester of the present invention can be prepared by reacting a thiol or a derivative thereof with an acetic acid derivative or a reactive derivative thereof. By reacting the thioester of the present invention with a 7-aminocephalosporin derivative or a salt thereof, cephalosporin derivatives or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof which are excellent antibiotic substances having a high antimicrobial activity can be obtained in high yield very safely.

Abstract: Novel thioesters effective as acylating agents for amines or hydrazines, especially effective as active esters in synthesis of cephalosporin compounds are disclosed. The novel thioester of the present invention can be prepared by reacting a thiol or a derivative thereof with an acetic acid derivative or a reactive derivative thereof. By reacting the thioester of the present invention with a 7-aminocephalosporin derivative or a salt thereof, cephalosporin derivatives or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof which are excellent antibiotic substances having a high antimicrobial activity can be obtained in high yield very safely.

Abstract: Novel thioesters effective as acylating agents for amines or hydrazines, especially effective as active esters in synthesis of cephalosporin compounds are disclosed. The novel thioester of the present invention can be prepared by reacting a thiol or a derivative thereof with an acetic acid derivative or a reactive derivative thereof. By reacting the thioester of the present invention with a 7-aminocephalosporin derivative or a salt thereof, cephalosporin derivatives or pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof which are excellent antibiotic substances having a high antimicrobial activity can be obtained in high yield very safely.

Abstract: This invention relates to a tetrazole-5-thiol ester having D-configuration of the formula, ##STR1## a process for the preparation of the thiol ester and a process for the preparation of cefamandole using the thiol ester.

Abstract: This invention relates to a tetrazole-5-thiol ester having D-configuration of the formula, ##STR1## a process for the preparation of the thiol ester and a process for the preparation of cefamandole using the thiol ester.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cephalosporin compound represented by the general formula (III) ##STR1## (wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl group) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which is characterized by reacting 7-amino-3-(benzimidazol-2-yl)-thiomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid represented by the general formula (I) ##STR2## or a salt thereof with a compound represented by general formula (II) ##STR3## wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl group.