Abstract: An apparatus, which controls the temperature of a secondary battery formed by combination of a plurality of single cells or a plurality of battery modules each made by series connection of multiple single cells, prevents variations in the temperature or voltage of the single cells or the battery modules, which could otherwise be caused when the secondary battery is heated. A temperature control section controls the quantity of heat by means of which a heater heats a secondary battery formed by combination of a plurality of battery modules made by series connection of multiple single cells. The temperature control section detects a rate of temporal changes in an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery. When a detected rate of temporal changes in open circuit voltage has exceeded a predetermined threshold voltage value, the heater is controlled to thus diminish the quantity of heat used for heating the secondary battery.

Abstract: A printed circuit board suitable for dip soldering of component leads in through holes using lead free solder. The printed circuit board includes a plurality of via holes arranged around each through hole in which a component lead is inserted, whereby solder wicking up into the through hole is enhanced and air entrapment is prevented during the dip soldering operation, and heat fatigue resistance of solder joints is improved.

Abstract: An apparatus, which controls the temperature of a secondary battery formed by combination of a plurality of single cells or a plurality of battery modules each made by series connection of multiple single cells, prevents variations in the temperature or voltage of the single cells or the battery modules, which could otherwise be caused when the secondary battery is heated. A temperature control section controls the quantity of heat by means of which a heater heats a secondary battery formed by combination of a plurality of battery modules made by series connection of multiple single cells. The temperature control section detects a rate of temporal changes in an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery. When a detected rate of temporal changes in open circuit voltage has exceeded a predetermined threshold voltage value, the heater is controlled to thus diminish the quantity of heat used for heating the secondary battery.

Abstract: A battery ECU reduces temperature variations and voltage variations, which would otherwise be caused at the time of heating of a secondary battery. The battery ECU activates a heater, to thus perform heating, when the temperature of the secondary battery is lower than a predetermined lower-limit temperature. The battery ECU calculates temperature variations ?T or open circuit voltage variations ?V achieved after heating operation, and compares the variations with a predetermined allowable threshold value. When the temperature variations ?T or the voltage variations ?V exceed a predetermined allowable threshold value, the battery ECU stops heating operation of the heater or commands so as to diminish the amount of heat to be generated, thereby attempting to render the temperature uniform.

Abstract: A printed circuit board suitable for dip soldering of component leads in through holes using lead free solder. The printed circuit board includes a plurality of via holes arranged around each through hole in which a component lead is inserted, whereby solder wicking up into the through hole is enhanced and air entrapment is prevented during the dip soldering operation, and heat fatigue resistance of solder joints is improved.