Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming device configured to form an output image using at least two or more image space frequencies and an image size acquisition device configured to recognize a size of the output image. A switching device is configured to select one of the at least two or more image frequencies for the output image according to the size of the output image recognized by the image size acquisition device and to switch the image forming device so as to form the output image using the one of two or more image frequencies.

Abstract: Multiple connections of subscriber access systems are controlled by means of V5 interfaces in a switched system accommodating interface prescribed by V5 protocol according to ETSI standards by using one B-channel as communication channel C2 with an access network that accommodates subscribers of another network service provider apart from communication channel C1 prescribed by normal V5 protocol between the local exchange and an access network operated by the service provider of the local exchange when connecting access networks accommodating subscribers of another network service providers to an access network operated by the service provider of the local exchange.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming device configured to form an output image using at least two or more image space frequencies and an image size acquisition device configured to recognize a size of the output image. A switching device is configured to select one of the at least two or more image frequencies for the output image according to the size of the output image recognized by the image size acquisition device and to switch the image forming device so as to form the output image using the one of two or more image frequencies.

Abstract: There are provided a copying machine executing the processing for reading image data from a document and the processing for printing the image data, a computer for editing image data read by the copying machine, and a memory board having a memory for storing therein image data to which an image data bus of the copying machine and an internal bus of the computer are connected respectively, and the copying machine executes the processing for reading image data from a document and writing the image data in a memory, the computer executes the processing for reading the image data from a memory, editing the image data, and writing the edited image data again in the memory, the copying machine executes the processing the reading the edited image data from the memory and printing the image data, and the memory board controls the operations for reading and writing the image data by the copying machine.

Abstract: A data link layer processing (DLLP) system comprises a plurality of in-service DLLPs and a plurality of spare DLLPs. The switching between the in-service DLLP and the spare DLLP is effected by coupling both the DLLPs with the transmission line and transferring logical links from the in-service DLLP to the spare DLLP one by one while frame multiplexing the data from the spare DLLP with the data from the in-service DLLP. After all of the logical links are transferred, a switch decouples the in-service DLLP to leave the spare DLLP coupled with the transmission line for a normal operation.

Abstract: There are provided a copying machine executing the processing for reading image data from a document and the processing for printing the image data, a computer for editing image data read by the copying machine, and a memory board having a memory for storing therein image data to which an image data bus of the copying machine and an internal bus of the computer are connected respectively, and the copying machine executes the processing for reading image data from a document and writing the image data in a memory, the computer executes the processing for reading the image data from a memory, editing the image data, and writing the edited image data again in the memory, the copying machine executes the processing the reading the edited image data from the memory and printing the image data, and the memory board controls the operations for reading and writing the image data by the copying machine.

Abstract: There are provided a copying machine executing the processing for reading image data from a document and the processing for printing the image data, a computer for editing image data read by the copying machine, and a memory board having a memory for storing therein image data to which an image data bus of the copying machine and an internal bus of the computer are connected respectively, and the copying machine executes the processing for reading image data from a document and writing the image data in a memory, the computer executes the processing for reading the image data from a memory, editing the image data, and writing the edited image data again in the memory, the copying machine executes the processing the reading the edited image data from the memory and printing the image data, and the memory board controls the operations for reading and writing the image data by the copying machine.