Abstract: An evaluation method for evaluating the ultraviolet protection effect of a measurement sample applied on a substrate includes measuring, at predetermined wavelength intervals, a change over time of a spectral transmission spectrum of the measurement sample within a predetermined wavelength range by irradiating light from a light source that includes ultraviolet light, visible light, and infrared light under a predetermined irradiation condition; establishing, based on the change over time of the spectral transmission spectrum, a correlation between a light irradiation time and an erythema effective dose per unit time, which is obtained by dividing an erythema effective dose of the measurement sample by an erythema effective dose per 1 MED; and calculating an in vitro rSPF predictive value for the measurement sample on the basis of a time until a cumulative erythema effective dose, which is obtained through time integration based on the correlation, reaches 1 MED.

Abstract: An evaluation method for evaluating the ultraviolet protection effect of a measurement sample applied on a substrate includes a first step of measuring, at predetermined wavelength intervals, a change over time of a spectral transmission spectrum of the measurement sample within a predetermined wavelength range by irradiating light from a light source that includes ultraviolet light, visible light, and infrared light under a predetermined irradiation condition; a second step of establishing, based on the change over time of the spectral transmission spectrum, a correlation between a light irradiation time and an erythema effective dose per unit time, which is obtained by dividing an erythema effective dose of the measurement sample by an erythema effective dose per 1 MED; and a third step of calculating an in vitro rSPF predictive value for the measurement sample on the basis of a time until a cumulative erythema effective dose, which is obtained through time integration based on the correlation, reaches 1 ME

Abstract: A skin substitute membrane includes a surface on one side including a groove-shaped depressed portion and a planar portion, the depressed portion having a cross section having a chamfered V-letter shape, the surface having an arithmetic mean roughness Sa of more than or equal to 10 ?m to less than or equal to 50 ?m. The depressed portion has a width of more than or equal to 50 ?m to less than or equal to 500 ?m and a depth of more than or equal to 30 ?m to less than or equal to 150 ?m. A spectral transmittance for light of more than or equal to 290 nm to less than or equal to 400 nm in wavelength is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%.

Abstract: A skin substitute membrane includes a surface on one side including a groove-shaped depressed portion and a planar portion, the depressed portion having a cross section having a chamfered V-letter shape, the surface having an arithmetic mean roughness Sa of more than or equal to 10 ?m to less than or equal to 50 ?m. The depressed portion has a width of more than or equal to 50 ?m to less than or equal to 500 ?m and a depth of more than or equal to 30 ?m to less than or equal to 150 ?m. A spectral transmittance for light of more than or equal to 290 nm to less than or equal to 400 nm in wavelength is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiation detector 10, detecting an ultraviolet radiation transmitted through or reflected from a measurement sample 15 from a light beam including at least the ultraviolet radiation, is characterized by spectral means 19 for spectrally splitting the ultraviolet radiation from the light beam and photodetection means 20 for detecting the ultraviolet radiation spectrally split by the spectral means 19, the photodetection means 20 including a photoelectric surface detecting only the ultraviolet radiation and formed of an element selected from In, Ga, N, Al, O and Cs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for evaluating an ultraviolet radiation protection effect in a measurement sample is used for evaluating SPF (Sun Protection Factor). First, a temporal change of the spectral transmission spectrum in the measurement sample within a predetermined light wavelength range at predetermined wavelength intervals is measured. Second, a correlation between a light irradiating time and minimal erythema doses by predetermined lime intervals based on the temporal change of the spectral transmission spectrum is set. Third a predicted in vitro SPF in the measurement sample using a time until an accumulated minimal erythema dose that is obtained as a time integration of the minimal erythema doses based on the correlation obtained in the second step reaches 1 MED (Minimum Erythema Dose) is calculated.

Abstract: A skin substitute membrane includes a surface on one side including a groove-shaped depressed portion and a planar portion, the depressed portion having a cross section having a chamfered V-letter shape, the surface having an arithmetic mean roughness Sa of more than or equal to 10 ?m to less than or equal to 50 ?m. The depressed portion has a width of more than or equal to 50 ?m to less than or equal to 500 ?m and a depth of more than or equal to 30 ?m to less than or equal to 150 ?m. A spectral transmittance for light of more than or equal to 290 nm to less than or equal to 400 nm in wavelength is more than or equal to 50% and less than or equal to 100%.

Abstract: An evaluating method for evaluating an ultraviolet radiation protection effect in a measurement sample includes a first step of measuring a temporal change of the spectral transmission spectrum in the measurement sample within a predetermined wavelength range at predetermined wavelength intervals by irradiating with light including ultraviolet radiation from a light source under a predetermined light irradiating condition, a second step of setting a correlation between a light irradiating time and minimal erythema doses by predetermined time intervals based on the temporal change of the spectral transmission spectrum obtained in the first step, and a third step of calculating a predicted in vitro SPF in the measurement sample using a time until an accumulated minimal erythema dose that is obtained as a time integration of the minimal erythema doses based on the correlation obtained in the second step reaches 1 MED.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antioxidant and a whitening agent having high safety, and a external preparation for skin using the same. The antioxidant and whitening agent comprise, as an effective component, one or more extracts from Basidiomycetes selected from the group consisting of Pleurotus abalonus, Pholiota squarrosa, Onnia orientalis, Astraeus hygrometricus and Pleurotus nebrodensis . These extracts have a free radical capturing ability and are useful for suppressing skin oxidation and for preventing and improving skin aging. In addition, the extracts have a tyrosinase activity inhibiting action and can suppress the melanin generation. Since the fruit bodies of these Basidiomycetes have been used for edible purpose and have high safety, they can be used preferably for an external preparation for skin.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiation detector 10, detecting an ultraviolet radiation transmitted through or reflected from a measurement sample 15 from a light beam including at least the ultraviolet radiation, is characterized by spectral means 19 for spectrally splitting the ultraviolet radiation from the light beam and photodetection means 20 for detecting the ultraviolet radiation spectrally split by the spectral means 19, the photodetection means 20 including a photoelectric surface detecting only the ultraviolet radiation and formed of an element selected from In, Ga, N, Al, O and Cs.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antioxidant and a whitening agent having high safety, and a external preparation for skin using the same. The antioxidant and whitening agent comprise, as an effective component, one or more extracts from Basidiomycetes selected from the group consisting of Pleurotus abalonus, Pholiota squarrosa, Onnia orientalis, Astraeus hygrometricus and Pleurotus nebrodensis. These extracts have a free radical capturing ability and are useful for suppressing skin oxidation and for preventing and improving skin aging. In addition, the extracts have a tyrosinase activity inhibiting action and can suppress the melanin generation. Since the fruit bodies of these Basidiomycetes have been used for edible purpose and have high safety, they can be used preferably for an external preparation for skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antioxidant and a whitening agent having high safety, and a external preparation for skin using the same. The antioxidant and whitening agent comprise, as an effective component, one or more extracts from Basidiomycetes selected from the group consisting of Pleurotus abalonus, Pholiota squarrosa, Onnia orientalis, Astraeus hygrometricus and Pleurotus nebrodensis. These extracts have a free radical capturing ability and are useful for suppressing skin oxidation and for preventing and improving skin aging. In addition, the extracts have a tyrosinase activity inhibiting action and can suppress the melanin generation. Since the fruit bodies of these Basidiomycetes have been used for edible purpose and have high safety, they can be used preferably for an external preparation for skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antioxidant and a whitening agent having high safety, and a external preparation for skin using the same. The antioxidant and whitening agent comprise, as an effective component, one or more extracts from Basidiomycetes selected from the group consisting of Pleurotus abalonus, Pholiota squarrosa, Onnia orientalis, Astraeus hygrometricus and Pleurotus nebrodensis. These extracts have a free radical capturing ability and are useful for suppressing skin oxidation and for preventing and improving skin aging. In addition, the extracts have a tyrosinase activity inhibiting action and can suppress the melanin generation. Since the fruit bodies of these Basidiomycetes have been used for edible purpose and have high safety, they can be used preferably for an external preparation for skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antioxidant and a whitening agent having high safety, and a external preparation for skin using the same. The antioxidant and whitening agent comprise, as an effective component, one or more extracts from Basidiomycetes selected from the group consisting of Pleurotus abalonus, Pholiota squarrosa, Onnia orientalis, Astraeus hygrometricus and Pleurotus nebrodensis. These extracts have a free radical capturing ability and are useful for suppressing skin oxidation and for preventing and improving skin aging. In addition, the extracts have a tyrosinase activity inhibiting action and can suppress the melanin generation. Since the fruit bodies of these Basidiomycetes have been used for edible purpose and have high safety, they can be used preferably for an external preparation for skin.

Abstract: A method of preventing darkening of the skin or inhibiting melanization caused by the irradiation of the melanin monomers with long wavelength ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 320-400 nm as well as a polymerization inhibitor of a biological dihydroxyindole compound comprising 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid and an external skin treatment composition containing the same.

Abstract: An immunopotentiator for preventing ultraviolet light-induced skin immunosuppression or a drug against ultraviolet light-induced skin immunosuppression which contains glutathione or Scutellaria root extract. Also, an immunopotentiator or a drug against immunosuppression which contains linden extract, clove extract, Geranium herb extract or rosemary extract. They can prevent a reduction of immune functions due to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: A method of preventing darkening of the skin or inhibiting melanization caused by the irradiation of the melanin monomers with long wavelength ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 320-400 nm as well as a polymerization inhibitor of a biological dihydroxyindole compound comprising 3-O-ethyl ascorbic acid and an external skin treatment composition containing the same.

Abstract: An immunopotentiator for preventing ultraviolet light-induced skin immunosuppression or a drug against ultraviolet light-induced skin immunosuppression which contains glutathione or Scutellaria root extract. Also, an immunopotentiator or a drug against immunosuppression which contains linden extract, clove extract, Geranium herb extract or rosemary extract. They can prevent a reduction of immune functions due to ultraviolet light.

Abstract: The present invention is an endermic liniment which characteristically contains a thiol compound and zinc oxide. An endermic liniment which can contain a thiol compound in a stable manner can be provided by blending in a thiol compound and zinc oxide.

Abstract: A magnesium aluminometasilicate coated composite powder which comprises magnesium aluminometasilicate, or magnesium aluminometasilicate and at least one other powder coated on a surface of a core powder and which is usable in, for example, a skin treatment agent, decodorant, and oral composition.