Abstract: A secondary battery of a proton conductive polymer, wherein a positive electrode and a negative electrode are arranged facing to each other via a separator in an electrolyte and only a proton or a proton of a hydroxyl group in an indole trimer and a &pgr; conjugated polymer, i.e., an active material of electrode in the positive electrode and in the negative electrode participates in a charge/discharge, and a proton concentration is 5 to 40% and an anion concentration is 30 to 60% in the solution, respectively, and the anion concentration is at least higher than the proton concentration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a secondary battery and a capacitor which may provide an excellent high rate and cycle characteristic as well as sufficient electromotive force and capacity. The secondary battery and a capacitor have an active material of an electrode comprising a trimer compound comprising three units of indole or indole derivatives in condensed ring form, wherein the second position and the third position of each unit form a six-membered ring, and a proton which can be utilized as a charge carrier of the trimer compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive polymer comprising a polybiphenylaniline which is doped with dopant comprising at least an acid having a single site of a group which dissociates proton.

Abstract: This invention provides an electrode for an electrochemical cell in which an active material in an electrode material is a proton-conducting compound, wherein the electrode material comprises a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound or a polymer having a unit containing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moiety.

Abstract: An electric energy storage element is provided which contains a secondary battery or a capacitor, and which uses a quinoxaline trimer compound as an electrode active substance and a proton as a charge carrier for the trimer compound. The trimer compound includes a quinoxaline or a quinoxaline derivative.

Abstract: Gaskets in a storage element such as a battery or an electric double-layer capacitor are of a multiple-layer construction composed of a plurality of layers having holes of different inside dimensions. The upper-layer gaskets have holes with an inside diameter that is the same size as the outside diameter of the solid electrodes, and the lower-layer gaskets have holes with an inside diameter that is larger than the outside diameter of the solid electrodes. The electrodes are each closely fitted within the holes of the upper-layer gaskets and, as a result, are firmly secured and prevented from shifting. The fusion surface area of the upper-layer gaskets that are bonded together is increased. The existence of spaces for holding electrolytic solution between the inside diameter of the holes of the lower-layer gaskets and the outside diameter of the solid electrodes increases the amount of internal electrolytic solution that can be held.

Abstract: A structure that is constituted by disposing a laminate film and a collector rubber with a metal terminal plate interposed therebetween and a structure that is constituted by disposing a laminate film and a collector rubber with a metal terminal plate interposed therebetween are disposed so as to sandwich a fundamental cell that is constituted by disposing a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer, respectively, on surfaces of a separator, the laminate films are fusion bonded at peripheries thereof, and thereby the fundamental cell is sealed in a package cell. In the laminate film, a window portion or an opening is disposed, and a metal terminal plate is partially exposed and used as an external connection terminal. Owing to this configuration, a laminate film packaged storage device in which sealing properties and the volume efficiency are improved can be provided.

Abstract: Powder of a polymer active material 1 exhibiting an electro-chemical oxidation-reduction reaction is mixed with powder of a conductivity assisting agent 2 to obtain a mixture. The mixture is molded by a thermal press into a unitary block. Thus, a cell electrode having a large film thickness is produced without causing cracks or breakage. The electrode having a large film thickness improves the energy density of the polymer secondary cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a secondary battery and capacitor comprising as an active material of an electrode a compound having a trimer structure comprising three structure units of one or more kind of indole compounds selected from indole and indole derivatives and a condensed polycyclic structure having a six-membered ring composed of atoms of the second and the third position of the each three structure units, wherein the active material comprises as the compound a first compound having a trimer structure wherein any bonds between the structure units are formed among the second position of one structure unit and the third position of the other structure unit and a second compound having a trimer structure comprising a bond formed among the second position of one structure unit and the second position of the other structure unit, and a proton is utilized as a charge carrier of the first compound and the second compound.

Abstract: A mail receiving section receives S/MIME signature mail from a host of a member. A member checking section checks the electronic signature of the signature mail for validity and determines whether or not the member belongs to a group. If the member checking section checks that the mail is from the valid member, a mail storing section requests an archive service section to archive the mail. A signature creating section uses a secret key unique to the group to create an electronic signature of the group. A mail transmitting section transmits the mail with the electronic signature of the group to the receiver.

Abstract: An electric energy storage element contains a secondary battery or a capacitor. The electric energy storage element comprises a quinoxaline trimer compound as an electrode active substance and uses a proton as a charge carrier for the trimer compound. The timer compound consists of quinoxaline or a quinoxaline derivative.

Abstract: This invention provides a small battery and an electric double layer capacitor exhibiting adequate cell voltage and capacitor withstand voltage. Specifically, this invention provides a battery or electric double layer capacitor in which basic cells comprising a pair of electrodes oppositely laminated via the separator, and an electrolyte are packaged in a resin sheet package, wherein the basic cells are laminated in series via a sheet current collector; the sheet current collector extends to an edge of the resin sheet package around the periphery of the basic cells laminated on both sides of the current collector; the sheet current collector is glued or fused to the resin sheet in its edge; and the adjacent basic cells via the sheet current collector are fluid-tightly separated within the resin sheet package.

Abstract: In a basic cell of an energy device, a pair of electrodes are disposed opposite to each other via a separator interposed therebetween. A pair of collectors are disposed to be in contact with the outer surfaces of the electrodes. A gasket is cooperated with the collectors to surround the separator and the electrodes. An electrolyte is filled in a region surrounded by the collectors and the gasket. Each of the collectors has a first and a second rubber material stacked in layers. By connecting in series a plurality of basic cells each having the foregoing structure, a desired energy device can be obtained.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell contains, as an electrode active material, a mixture of trimer compounds each in the form of indoles or indole derivatives coupled to each other in second and third positions thereof, and tetramer compounds each of indoles or indole derivatives. In the cell, protons are used as charge carriers.

Abstract: A secondary battery comprises a pair of collectors made of a valve action metal, a pair of electrodes comprising a sulfuric acid aqueous solution, a separator and an outer can. Each collector is covered with an oxide film of a thickness of 1.7-10 nm. The oxide film is formed in a range of from 30% by area or more to less than 100% by area relative to the surface area of the collector. Each collector has one electrode disposed thereon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolytic solution comprising an aqueous solution of an organic or inorganic acid whereto a water-soluble N-containing heterocyclic compound is added, and an electrochemical cell such as a secondary battery and an electric double layer capacitor that uses such an electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A structure that is constituted by disposing a laminate film and a collector rubber with a metal terminal plate interposed therebetween and a structure that is constituted by disposing a laminate film and a collector rubber with a metal terminal plate interposed therebetween are disposed so as to sandwich a fundamental cell that is constituted by disposing a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer, respectively, on surfaces of a separator, the laminate films are fusion bonded at peripheries thereof, and thereby the fundamental cell is sealed in a package cell. In the laminate film, a window portion or an opening is disposed, and a metal terminal plate is partially exposed and used as an external connection terminal. Owing to this configuration, a laminate film packaged storage device in which sealing properties and the volume efficiency are improved can be provided.

Abstract: Secondary batteries and capacitors have a high electromotive force together with a high cyclic property and are capable of fast charging and discharging, using a polymeric compound having a high stability and high reactivity in an acidic ambient, as an electrode active material. The secondary batteries and capacitors include an indole polymeric compound as an electrode active material. The polymeric compound uses a proton as a charge carrier and has a constituent represented by general formula (1): wherein each R denotes a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic group, a sulfuric acid group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxyl group, an amino group, an alkylthio group and an arylthio group, which may be the same or different from each other, and at least one R is a substituent other than a hydrogen atom.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing electric cells which can improve the production yield, and for that purpose there is provided a method of producing an electric cell, wherein an acidic solution as an electrolytic solution and electrically conductive rubber as an exterior material are used, characterized in that sealing both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode piled via the separator with both of the gasket, through which the stainless needle is inserted, and the electrically conductive rubber, performing a vulcanization binding, after said vulcanization binding, forming a hole by pulling off the stainless needle from the gasket, injecting the electrolytic solution through said hole and sealing said hole; thus obtaining electric cells at high production yield.

Abstract: Secondary batteries and capacitors have a high electromotive force together with a high cyclic property and are capable of fast charging and discharging, using a polymeric compound having a high stability and high reactivity in an acidic ambient, as an electrode active material. The secondary batteries and capacitors include an indole polymeric compound as an electrode active material.