Abstract: A brake pad according to an embodiment includes a friction material containing copper at 0.5 wt % or less, a back plate, and an under-layer material laminated between the friction material and the back plate and having an average loss modulus of 500 MPa or more at ?50° C. to 0° C. in a bending mode.

Abstract: A brake pad according to an embodiment includes a friction material containing copper at 0.5 wt % or less, a back plate, and an under-layer material laminated between the friction material and the back plate and having an average loss modulus of 500 MPa or more at ?50° C. to 0° C. in a bending mode.

Abstract: A floating seal comprises C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, and B with the remainder being made up of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The contents of the C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, V and B are C: 2.2 to 3.9 wt %, Si: 0.5 to 3.5 wt %, Mn: 0.1 to 2.0 wt %, Ni: 0.5 to 4.3 wt %, Cr: 7.5 to 25.0 wt %, Mo: 0 to 8.0 wt % (excluding 0 %), V: 0 to 6.0 wt % (excluding 0%), and B: 0.02 to 0.4 wt %. The content of Cr in the parent phase is 2.00 to 5.41 wt %. The content of graphite is 0.05 to 0.35% of the surface area. The content of carbon boride is 19 to 40% of the surface area.

Abstract: A floating seal material comprises C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, and B with the remainder being made up of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The contents of the C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, and B are: C: 2.2 to 3.8 wt %, Si: 0.5 to 3.5 wt %, Mn: 0.1 to 2.0 wt %, Ni: 2.0 to 5.5 wt %, Cr: 0.9 to 4.0 wt %, and B: 0.02% to 0.4 wt %. The content of Cr in the parent phase is 0.30 to 1.07 wt %. The content of graphite is 0.35 to 2.33% of the surface area. The content of carbon boride is 14 to 40% of the surface area.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a multilayer ceramic electronic component, polishing is performed so that intersection lines extending from external surfaces of a green element body and interfaces between a green chip to be formed into a laminate portion and ceramic side surface layers are each located within a curved-surface formation range of a chamfer portion. Accordingly, since a green ceramic material is extended so as to fill the interfaces like so-called “putty”, and the adhesive strength between the green chip to be formed into the laminate portion and each of the ceramic side surface layers is increased.

Abstract: A floating seal comprises C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, V, and B with the remainder being made up of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The contents of the C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, V and B are C: 2.2 to 3.9 wt %, Si: 0.5 to 3.5 wt %, Mn: 0.1 to 2.0 wt %, Ni: 0.5 to 4.3 wt %, Cr: 7.5 to 25.0 wt %, Mo: 0 to 8.0 wt % (excluding 0 %), V: 0 to 6.0 wt % (excluding 0%), and B: 0.02 to 0.4 wt %. The content of Cr in the parent phase is 2.00 to 5.41 wt %. The content of graphite is 0.05 to 0.35% of the surface area. The content of carbon boride is 19 to 40% of the surface area.

Abstract: A floating seal material comprises C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, and B with the remainder being made up of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The contents of the C, Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, and B are: C: 2.2 to 3.8 wt %, Si: 0.5 to 3.5 wt %, Mn: 0.1 to 2.0 wt %, Ni: 2.0 to 5.5 wt %, Cr: 0.9 to 4.0 wt %, and B: 0.02% to 0.4 wt %. The content of Cr in the parent phase is 0.30 to 1.07 wt %. The content of graphite is 0.35 to 2.33% of the surface area. The content of carbon boride is 14 to 40% of the surface area.

Abstract: In a multilayer ceramic electronic component, dummy electrodes are located in margin regions. In a region between an extension line of a side of a facing portion of an internal electrode facing a side surface of an element body and a side of an extending portion of the internal electrode facing the side surface, the dummy electrode is arranged not to extend to the extension line of the side facing the side surface. The dummy electrode includes a plurality of electrode pieces linearly extending in the direction parallel or substantially parallel to the side surface.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a multilayer ceramic electronic component, polishing is performed so that intersection lines extending from external surfaces of a green element body and interfaces between a green chip to be formed into a laminate portion and ceramic side surface layers are each located within a curved-surface formation range of a chamfer portion. Accordingly, since a green ceramic material is extended so as to fill the interfaces like so-called “putty”, and the adhesive strength between the green chip to be formed into the laminate portion and each of the ceramic side surface layers is increased.

Abstract: In a multilayer ceramic electronic component, dummy electrodes are located in margin regions. In a region between an extension line of a side of a facing portion of an internal electrode facing a side surface of an element body and a side of an extending portion of the internal electrode facing the side surface, the dummy electrode is arranged not to extend to the extension line of the side facing the side surface. The dummy electrode includes a plurality of electrode pieces linearly extending in the direction parallel or substantially parallel to the side surface.

Abstract: Stable, pourable aqueous suspensions of solid particulate materials are provided, especially suspensions of sulfur dyes which are characterized a very low content of inorganic sulfides and inorganic polysulfides. The suspensions are produced using certain suspension stabilizing agents, particularly polysaccharides, such as xanthan gum, whose solutions in water are pseudoplastic. The suspensions may further comprise a non-sulfide reducing agent. An improved method is also provided for determining the the potential for such suspensions to release hydrogen sulfide upon being acidified at a given temperature, which method comprises acidifying a sample of the suspension to pH 2.9-3.7, capturing all of the hydrogen sulfide released during acidification in aqueous alkali and measuring the sulfide ion content of the aqueous alkali.

Abstract: A novel structure and method of manufacture gives good electrode-polyelectrolyte electrical contact and superior solid polyelectrolyte battery capacity. Solid polyelectrolyte is sandwiched between a negative electrode active layer and a positive electrode active layer. A monomer composite gel of macromolecule compound, solute, and solvent is applied onto the positive electrode active layer, part of this monomer composite gel is impregnated into the positive electrode active layer, and the system is polymerized to yield a solid polyelectrolyte-positive electrode active layer laminate.

Abstract: A quick and simple manufacturing method for a current collector single body sheet-like composite positive electrode of superior electrode performance includes a positive electrode mixture generating process mixing non-aqueous solvent, polymer material, electrolyte salt, positive electrode active material and electrically conductive material, a positive electrode mixture pressing out process after the mixture has been applied onto the positive electrode current collector and a process for hardening the sheet-like electrode, at a same time attaching the sheet-like electrode to the positive electrode current collector using heat or ionizing radiation to polymerize the polymer material distributed in the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a cell structure and a fuel cell that includes at least one cell structure. The cell structure comprises a cell including an electrolyte plate, an anode, and a cathode, the anode being formed on one surface of the electrolyte plate, the cathode being formed on the other surface of the electrolyte plate, an anode terminal electrode connected to the anode electrically, the anode terminal electrode being placed along an edge of the cell structure to be perpendicular with respect to a layered direction in which the cathode, the electrolyte plate, and the anode are layered, a cathode terminal electrode connected to the cathode electrically, the cathode terminal electrode being placed along another edge of the cell structure to be perpendicular with respect to the layered direction, a first gas channel for supplying a reactant gas to the anode in the layered direction, and a second gas channel for supplying the reactant gas to the cathode in the layered direction.

Abstract: A fuel cell power system comprises a fuel conditioning apparatus for converting hydrocarbon fuels to a hydrogen-rich gas, and a fuel cell stack for converting fuel gas to electric power, said fuel cell stack including an anode gas chamber connected at its inlet to the fuel conditioning apparatus through a fuel gas feed pipe line, a cathode gas chamber connected to a process air feeding means, and a cooling gas chamber connected at its both ends to a cooling medium circulating line provided with a heat exchanger and a blower, characterized in that said fuel gas feed pipe line and cooling medium circulating line are connected one another through a pipe line provided with a valve to supply said hydrogen-rich gas from said fuel gas feed pipe line to said cooling medium circulating line or vice versa.

Abstract: A method for starting fuel cell power systems comprises heating a fuel cell stack to a predetermined operating temperature with a circulating heat-exchanger fluid, while feeding a pressurized inert gas into a pressure vessel and process gas chambers of the fuel cell stack to increase pressures in the process gas chambers and pressure vessel to a predetermined pressure, detecting a temperature of the stack and a pressure of the inert gas in the process gas chambers, and controlling a vapor pressure in the inert gas fed to said chambers in proportion to the detected temperature and pressure in the process gas chambers so that a volume of an electrolyte is approximately kept constant.

Abstract: An automatically reclosable dispensing valve construction for a liquid-containing film pouch of the type comprising first and second flexible film walls or sides joined together at their peripheral edges. A twin-Z fold, incorporating both sides of the pouch, is formed extending between two spaced apart pouch edge portions and the edge portions of the pouch at the fold are joined together to maintain the fold. When a portion of the pouch beyond the fold is removed to form a dispensing opening, the twin-Z fold serves as the reclosable valve partially unfolding and permitting passage of the liquid from the pouch through the dispensing opening when the pouch is subjected to a squeezing force and refolding to prevent passage of the liquid from the pouch through the dispensing opening upon release of the squeezing force.

Abstract: A venting closure is provided which retains the contents of a screw-top container yet prevents distortion of the latter under the influence of a pressure differential applied from without. It consists of a cap fitted with a gasket which is supported circumferentially around the entire rim of the container by a plurality of flanges which at no point have a pitch greater than that of the screw threads; and which are disposed in relation to one another so as to permit air that has passed from the outside of the container along the container threads to enter the space between the gasket and the underside of the cap. The gasket normally seals against a central boss depending from the cap underside; however when external pressure exceeds that within the container by a predetermined level it momentarily lifts the gasket from its seat, admits air into the container through a central hole in the gasket, and tends to equalize the pressures.