Abstract: A vehicle including an internal combustion engine and an automatic transmission capable of transmitting and receiving torque to and from an output shaft of the internal combustion engine is controlled. During operation of the internal combustion engine, a process that calculates a diluted water amount based on an operation state of the internal combustion engine is executed. The diluted water amount is the amount of water contained in lubricating oil in the internal combustion engine. Further, a process that controls the automatic transmission such that torque per unit period in the internal combustion engine becomes smaller when the diluted water amount is relatively large compared to when the diluted water amount is relatively small, while continuing the operation of the internal combustion engine, is executed.

Abstract: A printing system capable of writing RFID data consistent with print information printed on a print-information recoding medium into an RFID chip carried on the print-information recording medium. The printing system includes a printer engine for printing print information, including at least either one of contactlessly readable information and image information visible to human being, onto at least the print-information recording medium, and an RFID reader/writer for writing RFID data consistent with the print information into the RFID chip carried on the print-information recording medium.

Abstract: A printing system capable of writing RFID data consistent with print information printed on a print-information recoding medium into an RFID chip carried on the print-information recording medium. The printing system includes a printer engine for printing print information, including at least either one of contactlessly readable information and image information visible to human being, onto at least the print-information recording medium, and an RFID reader/writer for writing RFID data consistent with the print information into the RFID chip carried on the print-information recording medium.

Abstract: A printing system capable of writing RFID data consistent with print information printed on a print-information recoding medium into a RFID chip carried on the print-information recording medium. The printing system includes a printer engine for printing print information, including at least either one of contactlessly readable information and image information visible to human being, onto at least the print-information recording medium, and an RFID reader/writer for writing RFID data consistent with the print information into the RFID chip carried on the print-information recording medium.

Abstract: A plurality of different fault locating functions are provided in a communication system comprising a plurality of terminals connected to a data transmission channel. The functions are at different levels, respectively, ranging from a level for rapid fault location to a level for reliable and sure fault location. Upon detection of an occurrence of a fault, one fault locating function is performed. If the fault is not located accurately located, another fault locating function of a level for more reliable is performed, thus the functions are performed sequentially in the order from the level for rapid location to the level for more deliberate and reliable location. Preferably, the channel is reconfigured to avoid the fault, according to the fault located by the functions of the respective levels. With this arrangement, a fault which does most possibly occur can be located quickly, while another fault difficult to locate can be located accurately.

Abstract: A data transmission method and system of a token passing type capable of periodically transmitting cyclic data produced in a station to other stations while enabling a packet data communication with high efficiency and without disturbing the periodicity of the cyclic communication. A token circulation time is set to be shorter than a cycle time for production of the cyclic data where no packet data to be transmitted. Also each station will pass an acquired token immediately to the next station if the station has no data to be transmitted. Thus, at least one station can have a token at least two times during the cycle time to transmit the cyclic data and the packet data. Upper limits may be set to capacities of the cyclic data and the packet data which are capable of being transmitted each time the token is acquired.

Abstract: A data transmission method and system of a token passing type capable of periodically transmitting cyclic data produced in a station to other stations while enabling a packet data communication with high efficiency and without disturbing the periodicity of the cyclic communication. A token circulation time is set to be shorter than a cycle time for production of the cyclic data where no packet data is to be transmitted. Also each station will pass an acquired token immediately to the next station if the station has no data to be transmitted. Thus, at least one station can receives a token at least two times during the cycle time to transmit the cyclic data and the packet data. Upper limits may be set to capacities of the cyclic data and the packet data which are capable of being transmitted each time the token is acquired.

Abstract: A signal transmission system comprising an apparatus which inhibits the repeating in the opposite direction during reception and transmission of frames and which monitors the number of frames which were outputted in one direction from a repeater and the number of frames which were returned from such direction, whereby a destruction and circulation of the frame are inhibited without reducing response speed of a signal.