Abstract: A photocatalyst made of cuprous bromide, wherein the cuprous bromide expresses a photocatalytic property of decomposing a substance brought into contact with the cuprous bromide by irradiation with light.

Abstract: In a vehicle air-conditioning device, refrigerant leakage is diagnosed precisely without any restrictions from an operating condition of the air-conditioning device. When the operating condition of the vehicle air-conditioning device is stable, a threshold value Th for determination of refrigerant leakage is set based on an outlet pressure Pd and an inlet pressure Ps of a compressor. Furthermore, a volume flow Gr in that refrigerant pipe running from a condenser to an expansion valve through which the refrigerant circulates in a liquid state is detected. When it is determined that the volume flow Gr exceeds the threshold value Th for determination of refrigerant leakage, a diagnosis result (alarm) indicating that the refrigerant leaks is output.

Abstract: Prior to deposition of a silicon nitride (SiN) layer on a structure, a non-plasma enhanced operation is undertaken wherein the structure is exposed to silane (SiH4) flow, reducing the overall exposure of the structure to hydrogen radicals. This results in the silicon nitride being strongly bonded to the structure and in improved performance.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigeration cycle suitable for an air conditioning system for vehicles, wherein a flow rate of refrigerant which is used to estimate a torque of a compressor can be precisely estimated by accurately detecting a difference between pressures at upstream and downstream sides of an orifice having a high correlation with the refrigerant flow rate, and ultimately, the torque of the compressor can be precisely estimated, and the estimation can be achieved while achieving space saving and cost down.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigeration cycle wherein, when an orifice is disposed within a refrigeration circuit, and a differential pressure between the upstream side and the downstream side of the orifice is detected using two pressure sensors, the difference between the characteristics of the pressure sensors can be adequately and easily absorbed in software, to accurately determine an actual differential pressure, so that the flow rate of refrigerant and the torque of a compressor can be accurately estimated.

Abstract: Provided is an air conditioning system for vehicles wherein a flow rate of refrigerant used for estimating a compressor torque can be accurately estimated by accurately detecting a difference between pressures at upstream and downstream sides of an orifice, which has a high correlation with the flow rate of refrigerant, and ultimately, the compressor torque can be accurately estimated, and this estimation can be performed while space saving and cost down can be achieved.

Abstract: Prior to deposition of a silicon nitride (SiN) layer on a structure, a non-plasma enhanced operation is undertaken wherein the structure is exposed to silane (SiH4) flow, reducing the overall exposure of the structure to hydrogen radicals. This results in the silicon nitride being strongly bonded to the structure and in improved performance.

Abstract: Prior to deposition of a silicon nitride (SiN) layer on a structure, a non-plasma enhanced operation is undertaken wherein the structure is exposed to silane (SiH4) flow, reducing the overall exposure of the structure to hydrogen radicals. This results in the silicon nitride being strongly bonded to the structure and in improved performance.

Abstract: Prior to deposition of a silicon nitride (SiN) layer on a structure, a non-plasma enhanced operation is undertaken wherein the structure is exposed to silane (SiH4) flow, reducing the overall exposure of the structure to hydrogen radicals. This results in the silicon nitride being strongly bonded to the structure and in improved performance.

Abstract: A module, such as a module configured to be used in a refrigeration system, includes a gas-liquid separator which is configured to receive a first refrigerant, to separate the first refrigerant into a gas portion of the first refrigerant and a liquid portion of the first refrigerant, and to transmit the gas portion of the first refrigerant. The module also includes a heat exchanger which is configured to receive a second refrigerant and to exchange heat between the second refrigerant and the gas portion of the first refrigerant and/or the liquid portion of the first refrigerant. Moreover, the heat exchanger is disposed within the gas-liquid separator.

Abstract: A vapor compression refrigeration circuit comprises a compressor, a heat radiator, a high-temperature section of an internal heat exchanger, a pressure reducer, an evaporator, an accumulator and a low-temperature section of the internal heat exchanger disposed in this order in a circulation passage through which a refrigerant circulates, when viewed along a direction of flow of the refrigerant. The pressure reducer, the accumulator and the internal heat exchanger are integrally formed.

Abstract: A vapor compression refrigerating system having a compressor, a radiator, a first pressure reducing mechanism for reducing a pressure of refrigerant cooled by the radiator, a refrigerant branching means for dividing refrigerant (m) reduced in pressure by the first pressure-reducing mechanism into portions, a second pressure reducing mechanism for reducing a pressure of one portion of refrigerant (m1), and a third pressure reducing mechanism for reducing a pressure of another portion of refrigerant (m2). One portion and pressure reduced refrigerant (m1?) exchanges heat in a cooler with refrigerant present between the first and third pressure reducing mechanisms, and another portion and pressure reduced refrigerant (m2?) is evaporated by an evaporator. The evaporated refrigerant (m2?) and the refrigerant (m1?) having passed through the cooler are mixed by a gas/liquid separator, and the mixed refrigerant is introduced into the compressor.

Abstract: An automotive air-conditioning system has a gas-liquid separator, a compressor and a radiator, which are interposed in a first flow channel of a refrigerant which extends within an engine room in the order in the flowing direction of the refrigerant. The system also includes a pressure reducer and an evaporator, which are interposed in a second flow channel of the refrigerant which extends within a vehicle interior in the order in the flowing direction of the refrigerant. The system also has a connecting device disposed near a partition wall that separates the engine room from the vehicle interior. The connecting device circularly connects the first to the second flow channel, and includes a first connecting portion formed at the downstream end of the second flow channel and a second connecting portion that is formed at the inlet of the gas-liquid separator and is connected to the first connecting portion.

Abstract: A module, such as a module configured to be used in a refrigeration system, includes a gas-liquid separator which is configured to receive a first refrigerant, to separate the first refrigerant into a gas portion of the first refrigerant and a liquid portion of the first refrigerant, and to transmit the gas portion of the first refrigerant. The module also includes a heat exchanger which is configured to receive a second refrigerant and to exchange heat between the second refrigerant and the gas portion of the first refrigerant and/or the liquid portion of the first refrigerant. Moreover, the heat exchanger is disposed within the gas-liquid separator.

Abstract: A pressure reducer module includes an oil separator configured to receive a lubricant and a refrigerant and to separate the lubricant from the refrigerant. The pressure reducer module also includes a pressure reducer connected to and formed integral with the oil separator. The pressure reducer is configured to receive the refrigerant from the oil separator and to reduce a pressure of the refrigerant.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for a vehicle includes a first refrigeration cycle, an expander, and a second refrigeration cycle. The first refrigeration cycle includes a first compressor, a first radiator, a first pressure reducer, an evaporator, and a gas/liquid separator. The expander is disposed on a first fluid communication path between the first radiator and the first pressure reducer. The second refrigeration cycle, which is provided as a cascade cycle, includes a second compressor powered by energy harnessed from adiabatic expansion of the refrigerant at the expander, thereby obviating the need for an additional power source for the second refrigeration cycle. A heat exchanger further is provided on a second fluid communication path in the second refrigeration cycle. The heat exchanger is configured to provide a heat exchange between refrigerant disposed within each of the respective first and second fluid communication paths.

Abstract: An air conditioning system for vehicles includes a compressor and a variable displacement compressor provided in a refrigeration cycle, means for operating the variable displacement compressor, compressor operation switching means for switching the compressor operation between the compressor and the variable displacement compressor, and variable displacement compressor feedforward displacement value calculation means for calculating a displacement control value of the variable displacement compressor as an input to the refrigeration cycle so as to obtain a target control displacement after the compressor operation is switched. After the operation is switched from the compressor to the variable displacement compressor, the variable displacement compressor is started based on the calculated variable displacement compressor feedforward displacement value.

Abstract: A vapor compression refrigerating system includes a compressor configured to compress a refrigerant, and a radiator connected to the compressor, in which the radiator is configured to receive the refrigerant from the compressor and to reduce a temperature of the refrigerant. The system also includes a pressure reducing mechanism connected to the radiator, and the pressure reducing mechanism is configured to receive the refrigerant from the radiator and to reduce a pressure of the refrigerant. The system also includes a separator connected to the pressure reducing mechanism and to the compressor, a pump connected to the separator, and an evaporator connected to the pump and to the separator. The separator is configured to receive the refrigerant from the pressure reducing mechanism, to separate a liquid portion of the refrigerant from a gas portion of the refrigerant, and to transmit the gas portion to the compressor.

Abstract: A vapor compression refrigerating system includes a compressor, a radiator connected to the compressor via a first tube, a first pressure reducing mechanism connected to the radiator via a second tube, and a separator connected to the first pressure reducing mechanism via a third tube and the compressor via a fourth tube. The separator includes an oil separator which is configured to separate an oil from the refrigerant, and a liquid and gas separator formed integral with the oil separator. The liquid and gas separator is configured to separate a liquid portion and a gas portion from the refrigerant, and the separator is further configured to transmit the oil and the gas portion to the compressor via the fourth tube. The system also includes a second pressure reducing mechanism connected to the separator via a fifth tube, and an evaporator connected to the second pressure reducing mechanism via a sixth tube and operationally coupled to the compressor via a seventh tube.

Abstract: A vapor compression refrigerating system having a compressor, a radiator, a first pressure reducing mechanism for reducing a pressure of refrigerant cooled by the radiator, a refrigerant branching means for dividing refrigerant (m) reduced in pressure by the first pressure-reducing mechanism into portions, a second pressure reducing mechanism for reducing a pressure of one portion of refrigerant (m1), and a third pressure reducing mechanism for reducing a pressure of another portion of refrigerant (m2). One portion and pressure reduced refrigerant (m1?) exchanges heat in a cooler with refrigerant present between the first and third pressure reducing mechanisms, and another portion and pressure reduced refrigerant (m2?) is evaporated by an evaporator. The evaporated refrigerant (m2?) and the refrigerant (m1?) having passed through the cooler are mixed by a gas/liquid separator, and the mixed refrigerant is introduced into the compressor.