Abstract: The present invention is relative with a reproducing apparatus and a receiving apparatus for affording the impression or evaluation in line with the intention of a content supplier to the audience. The reproducing apparatus reproduces an optical disc (1) in which the contents and the estimated evaluation values are recorded at the outset. The estimated evaluation values recorded on the optical disc (1) have been set by the content supplier based on estimated impression or evaluation by the audience on the content. As the reproducing apparatus reproduces the content, the apparatus measures the reaction of the audience by a reaction value inputting unit (61), calculates the impression or evaluation by the audience for the content by a recognition evaluation value calculating unit (63) and compares the recognized evaluation values to the estimated evaluation values read out from the optical disc (1) in a control evaluation value calculating unit (53).

Abstract: A fire tube boiler having a combustion chamber equipped with a burner, and a group of fire tubes provided adjacent to the combustion chamber. The fire tube boiler further includes a heat exchanger disposed in the combustion chamber and serving for heat exchange with combustion flame from the burner. The combustion chamber is divided into a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber by the disposition of the heat exchanger. Furthermore, the heat exchanger is disposed in proximity to the burner so that the combustion flame in the first chamber is less than 1500.degree. C. and the combustion flame in the second chamber is between 1100.degree. and 1400.degree. C. Thus, the fire tube boiler allows further reduction in harmful exhausts such as NOx and CO.

Abstract: A piezo-electric transducer includes a piezo-electric ceramic sheet bonded to a vibrating reed and one or more electrodes bonded to the piezo-electric ceramic sheet, wherein said vibrating reed has a plurality of through-holes on a vibrational nodal line for vibration of the vibrating reed.