Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, comprising particles containing a binder resin and a colorant, characterized in that the particles contain a fixing aid having a melting point of from to 30 to 100° C. and a surface tension of at least 39 mN/m, and the fixing aid is present with an average particle diameter of at most 1 ?m in the particles, which toner can realize low-temperature fixing with a wide fixing temperature range, is excellent in fixing strength, presents little soiling onto a photoreceptor and is free from soiling in the interior of the apparatus due to electrostatic deterioration, can realize low temperature-fixing even in the case of forming a full-color image and yet, is excellent in fixing strength, provides good surface smoothness during fixing and good transparency, and provides high mechanical durability even when used in non-magnetic one component development systems.

Abstract: To provide a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, that can realize low-temperature fixing with a wide fixing temperature range and is excellent in fixing strength and that presents little soiling such as filming onto a photoreceptor and is free from soiling in the interior of the apparatus due to deterioration in the electrostatic property. Further, to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, that can realize low temperature-fixing even in the case of forming a full-color image and yet, is excellent in fixing strength and that provides good surface smoothness during the fixing and provides good transparency. Further, to provide a toner for developing an electrostatic charge image, which provides high mechanical durability even when it is used in e.g. a non-magnetic one component development system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high strength ?+? titanium alloy pipe not requiring a large amount of cutting and enabling full use to be made of the features of titanium alloy of light weight and high strength and a method for production of the same. Specifically, a high strength ?+? titanium alloy pipe having an outside diameter of at least 150 mm and a wall thickness of at least 6 mm, the ?+? titanium alloy pipe characterized by having a welded seam running in the longitudinal direction of pipe at one location and by having a ratio of the minimum wall thickness to the maximum wall thickness of the portions excluding the weld zone of 0.95 to 0.99. Also, a method of production of a high strength ?+? titanium alloy pipe comprising cold forming a high strength ?+? titanium alloy plate of a wall thickness of at least 6 mm into a tubular shape by the U-O method or press-bending method and welding together the abutted plate edges.

Abstract: The weld seam tracking and the welding torch height are controlled, the waveform of the welding voltage or the welding current of the arc is detected, the waveform of the above-described welding voltage or welding current under an appropriate welding condition to a reference gap G.sub.ref is stored as a reference waveform, the area .vertline..DELTA.SG.vertline. of a deviation part of the detected waveform to the above-described reference waveform is obtained, .DELTA.SG is obtained by judging the positive and negative of .vertline..DELTA.SG.vertline., the relationship between the value of .DELTA.SG and the root gap G is experimentally determined in advance, and the root gap G is calculated from the value of .DELTA.SG.

Abstract: A lattice welding robot detects an X-axis slide position of X.sub.p by an arc sensor of a welding torch, compares the value of X.sub.p with a reference value of X.sub.0 by a comparator, calculates a differential value of the value of X.sub.p by a differentiator and computes a travel speed correction amount .DELTA.V from a difference between a comparator output value and a differentiator output value by a computing unit. The correction amount .DELTA.V is added to an initial speed of each of inside wheels and outside wheels of a welding carriage to control each of driving motors for the inside wheels and the outside wheels by an adding speed command V.sub.in and an adding speed command V.sub.out, respectively. Thereby, a rough guidance for the welding carriage to trace a weld line is performed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a rotational arc welding machine that gives a rotational circular motion to arc generated from an electrode. The machine supports rotatably an electrode (20) at a predetermined distance (d) from the center of a disc (25) which makes a rotational circular motion and at the same time supports said electrode at the upper part thereof as the supporting point therefor, causing the arc generated from said electrode to make a rotational circular motion by rotating said disc. Accordingly, in the said machine, even though the lower part of the electrode makes a circular motion, the electrode itself does not rotate; therefore, electricity can be directly supplied to the electrode.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for arc welding wherein an electrode wire is rotated to produce an arc rotating at an elevated speed and wherein the arc produced in this manner is used as an arc sensor for making a bevel profiling. According to the invention, the rotational speed of the arc N is set so as to be larger than a constant speed as determined by the time constant of the change of the wire melting speed so that the difference between the welding current when the electrode wire is at the center of the bevel and that when the electrode wire is at the extreme lateral position is increased to improve the bevel profing performance.

Abstract: An automatic fillet welding method for effecting the welding by rotating a welding electrode and thereby rotating an arc at a high speed. By rotating the arc with a predetermined rotation direction, rotation speed and rotation diameter, a weld metal is prevented from running downward thereby forming a bead having uniform leg lengths and an excellent depth of penetration.

Abstract: A groove tracing control method for a fillet welding effected by rotating a welding torch and thereby rotating an arc at a high speed. The groove tracing control of the welding torch is effected in accordance with variations in the voltage waveform of the rotating arc and in this way the groove tracing is effected in real time in a noncontact manner with a high degree of accuracy.