Abstract: A FIFO device includes: a FIFO buffer that holds a transfer request transferred from a bus and including a write address, a data size, and write data, and outputs the transfer request to a bus; and a transfer request generation unit that receives, from the bus, a first transfer request and a second transfer request subsequent to the first transfer request, to determine whether the second transfer request can be combined with the first transfer request based on a write address and a data size of the first transfer request and a write address and a data size of the second transfer request, and when determining that the transfer requests can be combined together, holds a combined transfer request obtained by combining the first transfer request and the second transfer request together, to store the combined transfer request in the FIFO buffer.

Abstract: A waveguide element 21 including a photonic crystal waveguide including a core 4 that is constituted by a photonic crystal having a refractive index periodicity at least in one direction, and that propagates an electromagnetic wave in a direction in which the photonic crystal does not have the refractive index periodicity. At least one of materials forming the core 4 constituted by the photonic crystal, and at least a portion of a cladding in contact with a side face of the core 4 are constituted by a fluid 6. Thus, it is possible to provide a waveguide element that can be used as a light control element, can be produced easily and also can be applied to an optical sensor.

Abstract: A FIFO device includes: a FIFO buffer that holds a transfer request transferred from a bus and including a write address, a data size, and write data, and outputs the transfer request to a bus; and a transfer request generation unit that receives, from the bus, a first transfer request and a second transfer request subsequent to the first transfer request, to determine whether the second transfer request can be combined with the first transfer request based on a write address and a data size of the first transfer request and a write address and a data size of the second transfer request, and when determining that the transfer requests can be combined together, holds a combined transfer request obtained by combining the first transfer request and the second transfer request together, to store the combined transfer request in the FIFO buffer.

Abstract: A waveguide element 21 including a photonic crystal waveguide including a core 4 that is constituted by a photonic crystal having a refractive index periodicity at least in one direction, and that propagates an electromagnetic wave in a direction in which the photonic crystal does not have the refractive index periodicity. At least one of materials forming the core 4 constituted by the photonic crystal, and at least a portion of a cladding in contact with a side face of the core 4 are constituted by a fluid 6. Thus, it is possible to provide a waveguide element that can be used as a light control element, can be produced easily and also can be applied to an optical sensor.

Abstract: There are provided a microchemical system capable of acquiring a highly accurate TLM output value and a method for calculating TLM output thereof. A microchemical system 1 comprises: a microchemical chip having a channel with a depth t in which a sample flows; an exciting light source 13 adapted to irradiate the sample with an exciting light through an objective lens 10 with a numerical aperture NA; a detecting light source 14 adapted to irradiate the sample with a detecting light coaxially with the exciting light through the objective lens 10; and a PD adapted to receive a transmitted light when the detecting light transmits the sample before and after formation of a thermal lens 12. When a TLM output is calculated in the microchemical system 1 on the basis of a received light amount of the PD, the depth t (?m) is set to the range of 75?t?300, the numerical aperture NA is set to the range of 0.04?NA?0.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film wherein the height number distribution of projections present on the surface is expressed by a distribution function of ?2 type having a degree of freedom of 3.5 to 15 when the unit of the horizontal axis is a nanometer, the height/width ratio number distribution is expressed by a distribution function of ?2 type having a degree of freedom of 10-35?2, the projections having a height of 50-350 nm account for 70% of more, and the projections having a height/width ratio of 0.25-1.02 account for 90% or more.

Abstract: In a waveguide element using a photonic crystal including a core formed of a photonic crystal having a refractive index periodicity in at least two directions perpendicular to a propagation direction of an electromagnetic wave and a cladding arranged in contact with the core in order to confine the electromagnetic wave in the core, an incident side phase modulation portion is provided for allowing an electromagnetic wave that is coupled to a band on or near a Brillouin zone boundary in a photonic band structure in the core and propagates in the core to enter the core.

Abstract: A bus arbitration circuit for arbitrating data transfers from a plurality of master devices to a slave device connected to the plurality of master devices through a bus includes an ID generation unit for arbitrating the data transfers received from the plurality of master devices and outputting identification information of a master device that output the requests in an order of an issuance of the requests or priority, and a request processor for processing the requests according to the master device identification information received from the ID generation unit. At least the request processor is provided to each of the slave device.

Abstract: A photonic crystal optical waveguide includes a optical waveguide portion having a core made of a photonic crystal with a structure having a periodic refractive index in at least one direction perpendicular to a propagation direction of guided light and having a uniform refractive index in the propagation direction of the guided light, and a cladding arranged in contact with the core, in order to confine the guided light in the core, and an incident-side phase modulation portion arranged in close proximity or in contact with an incident surface of the core.

Abstract: An optical element, composed of an one-dimensional photonic crystal of a triangular prism shape and a multilayer film and a phase modulation unit are used together, with the phase modulation unit adjacent or abutting to a light input end surface of the optical element. Input light is phase-modulated by the phase modulation unit in the same period and direction as those of photonic crystal so that only specific high-order band light can be propagated through the optical element. When this optical element is formed in an optical waveguide, a small-size spectroscopic device having high resolving power can be provided.

Abstract: In a waveguide element using a photonic crystal including a core formed of a photonic crystal having a refractive index periodicity in at least two directions perpendicular to a propagation direction of an electromagnetic wave and a cladding arranged in contact with the core in order to confine the electromagnetic wave in the core, an incident side phase modulation portion is provided for allowing an electromagnetic wave that is coupled to a band on or near a Brillouin zone boundary in a photonic band structure in the core and propagates in the core to enter the core.

Abstract: An optical element according to the invention constituted by a multilayer structure having a periodic structural portion as at least one region constituted by repetition of a predetermined period, wherein an end surface of the multilayer structure not parallel to layer surfaces of the multilayer structure is used as a light input surface whereas one or each of opposite surfaces of the multilayer structure parallel to the layer surfaces is used as a light output surface. There is an intermediate layer between a medium and a surface of the multilayer structure, the intermediate layer having a refractive index less than the refractive index of the medium. The periodic structural portion of the multilayer structure can be regarded as a one-dimensional photonic crystal. Refracted light from the one-dimensional photonic crystal has good directivity and the direction of the refracted light has strong dependence on wavelength.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film wherein the height number distribution of projections present on the surface is expressed by a distribution function of X2 type having a degree of freedom of 3.5 to 15 when the unit of the horizontal axis is a nanometer, the height/width ratio number distribution is expressed by a distribution function of X2 type having a degree of freedom of 10-35X2, the projections having a height of 50-350 nm account for 70% of more, and the projections having a height/width ratio of 0.25-1.02 account for 90% or more.

Abstract: An optical element according to the invention uses a thin film-like two-dimensional photonic crystal having a structure of periodic repetition in two directions perpendicular to each other. When the two periodic directions are Y-axis and Z-axis directions, opposite surfaces of the photonic crystal structure perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and parallel to the Y-axis direction are used as a light input surface and a light output surface respectively. The direction of movement of light rays incident onto the light input surface is decided so that it is parallel to the YZ plane and inclined at a predetermined inclination angle to the Z-axis direction.

Abstract: A transparent conductive film wherein the height number distribution of projections present on the surface is expressed by a distribution function of ?2 type having a degree of freedom of 3.5 to 15 when the unit of the horizontal axis is a nanometer, the height/width ratio number distribution is expressed by a distribution function of ?2 type having a degree of freedom of 10-35?2, the projections having a height of 50-350 nm account for 70% of more, and the projections having a height/width ratio of 0.25-1.02 account for 90% or more.

Abstract: In the invention, light incident onto an end surface of one-dimensional photonic crystal is phase-modulated in the same period and direction as those of the photonic crystal to thereby propagate only specific high-order band light in the photonic crystal. That is, a phase modulation unit for generating phase-modulated wave having the same period as that of the periodic structure is disposed adjacent or close to a light incident surface of the periodic structure.

Abstract: In forming a secondary form portion having a three-dimensional shape to a part of a primary form portion having a two-dimensional curved plane, a work 240 having a curved plane corresponding to the shape of the primary form portion is prepared, and only the secondary form portion is created by incremental forming.

Abstract: A conductive film which is formed on a substrate, wherein a total of areas of the base surfaces of protrusions at least 250 nm in height is at least 5% of the area of a surface on which this conductive film is formed. The conductive film mainly contains at least one kind of compound out of tin oxide, titanium oxide, indium oxide and zinc oxide, and is formed on a transparent substrate by a chemical vapor deposition using an oxygen atom-containing material as vapor. A photoelectric conversion device is formed by a conductive film-carrying substrate and at least one photoelectric conversion layer disposed on the substrate and containing a crystalline silicon thin film 1-5 &mgr;m in thickness.

Abstract: An optical element using one-dimensional photonic crystal according to the invention includes a multilayer film, which is achieved by an element processed into a triangular prism shape. A phase modulation unit is provided so as to be adjacent or abutting to a light input end surface of the optical element. Input light is phase-modulated by the phase modulation unit in the same period and direction as those of photonic crystal so that only specific high-order band light can be propagated through the optical element. When this optical element is formed in an optical waveguide, a small-size spectroscopic device having high resolving power can be provided.

Abstract: An optical element according to the invention uses a thin film-like two-dimensional photonic crystal having a structure of periodic repetition in two directions perpendicular to each other. When the two periodic directions are Y-axis and Z-axis directions, opposite surfaces of the photonic crystal structure perpendicular to the Z-axis direction and parallel to the Y-axis direction are used as a light input surface and a light output surface respectively. The direction of movement of light rays incident onto the light input surface is decided so that it is parallel to the YZ plane and inclined at a predetermined inclination angle to the Z-axis direction.