Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor element includes an anode body, a dielectric layer disposed on a surface of the anode body, and a cathode part covering at least a part of the dielectric layer are provided. The cathode part includes a solid electrolyte layer covering the at least the part of the dielectric layer. The solid electrolyte layer contains a first polymer and a second polymer component. The first polymer component includes a monomer unit corresponding to a thiophene compound. The second polymer component includes a polymer anion. A Raman spectrum of a surface layer in the solid electrolyte layer has a peak characteristic for the first polymer component.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor includes at least one capacitor element. The at least one capacitor element includes: an anode body including an anode lead portion, and a cathode forming portion; a dielectric layer disposed on at least a surface of the cathode forming portion of the anode body; and a cathode part covering at least a part of the dielectric layer. The cathode part includes a solid electrolyte layer that contains a conductive polymer, and covers at least a part of the dielectric layer. A ratio T1/T2 of a thickness T1 of the solid electrolyte layer formed at a corner portion of the anode body to a thickness T2 of the solid electrolyte layer formed at a center portion of a principal surface of the anode body is in a range from 0.8 to 1.7, inclusive, in a cross section of the at least one capacitor element.

Abstract: [Problem] A microorganism immobilized carrier is provided that is easy for microorganisms to adhere to, and is able to reduce the manufacturing cost of the microorganism immobilized carrier and the running cost of an apparatus that uses the microorganism immobilized carrier. [Solution] A microorganism immobilized carrier is characterized by including a carbon component and a resin, having a zeta potential of from ?25 mV to 0 mV, and containing microorganisms adhered to a surface thereof and/or an interior thereof. The microorganisms are preferably nitrifying bacteria. The carbon component preferably has a particle size of from 1 ?m to 1000 ?m.

Abstract: [Problem] A carrier for retaining anammox bacteria, an anammox bacteria-adhered particle, and a wastewater treatment apparatus are provided that can remarkably reduce the start-up period for obtaining a nitrogen removal speed of 1 kg-N/m3/day. [Solution] A carrier for retaining anammox bacteria includes carbon particles. The carbon particles are desirably graphite particles, particularly isotropic graphite particles. The carbon particles desirably have a zeta potential of ?35 mV to 0 mV and an average particle size of 2 ?m to 1000 ?m.

Abstract: An electrochemical device electrode includes a conductive polymer as an active material. The conductive polymer has a grain shape, and an intensity distribution pattern obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement with respect to the conductive polymer has a first peak in which a diffraction angle 2? ranges from 18° to 21°, inclusive, and a second peak in which a diffraction angle 2? ranges from 24° to 26°, inclusive.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a pair of electrodes and an electrolytic solution. At least one of the pair of electrodes includes an electrode current collector and an electrode material layer supported by the electrode current collector. The electrode material layer includes at least a conductive polymer. A log differential pore volume distribution of the electrode material layer has at least one peak in a range of a pore diameter of more than or equal to 50 nm.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode for the electrochemical device includes a positive current collector, and an active layer including a conductive polymer disposed on the positive current collector. The conductive polymer contains a polyaniline or a derivative of polyaniline. An infrared absorption spectrum of the active layer exhibits a peak derived from a carbonyl group. The peak derived from the carbonyl group appears, for example, in a range from 1600 cm?1 to 1700 cm?1, inclusive.

Abstract: [Problem] A microorganism immobilized carrier is provided that is easy for microorganisms to adhere to, and is able to reduce the manufacturing cost of the microorganism immobilized carrier and the running cost of an apparatus that uses the microorganism immobilized carrier. [Solution] A microorganism immobilized carrier is characterized by including a carbon component and a resin, having a zeta potential of from ?25 mV to 0 mV, and containing microorganisms adhered to a surface thereof and/or an interior thereof. The microorganisms are preferably nitrifying bacteria. The carbon component preferably has a particle size of from 1 ?m to 1000 ?m.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode containing a negative electrode active material, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode active material includes a conductive polymer, and the electrolytic solution includes a lithium salt and a nonaqueous solvent. The nonaqueous solvent contains a first solvent and a second solvent. The first solvent includes ?-butyrolactone, and the second solvent includes at least one selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated cyclic carbonate ester and a cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride.

Abstract: [Problem] A carrier for retaining anammox bacteria, an anammox bacteria-adhered particle, and a wastewater treatment apparatus are provided that can remarkably reduce the start-up period for obtaining a nitrogen removal speed of 1 kg-N/m3/day. [Solution] A carrier for retaining anammox bacteria includes carbon particles. The carbon particles are desirably graphite particles, particularly isotropic graphite particles. The carbon particles desirably have a zeta potential of ?35 mV to 0 mV and an average particle size of 2 ?m to 1000 ?m.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution. The positive electrode includes a conductive polymer, and the negative electrode includes a negative electrode material. The negative electrode material contains a graphite material, and an interlayer distance (d002) of the graphite material ranges from 0.336 nm to 0.338 nm, inclusive.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode for the electrochemical device includes a positive current collector, and an active layer including a conductive polymer disposed on the positive current collector. The conductive polymer contains a polyaniline or a derivative of polyaniline. An infrared absorption spectrum of the active layer exhibits a peak derived from a carbonyl group. The peak derived from the carbonyl group appears, for example, in a range from 1600 cm?1 to 1700 cm?1, inclusive.

Abstract: A towing device capable of coupling a rear part of a front vehicle and a front part of a rear vehicle includes a support shaft, a coupled portion, and a tow bar. The support shaft is configured to be positioned on the rear part of the front vehicle such that an axis of the support shaft extends vertically. The tow bar can be pivoted from an extended position in which the distal end can be coupled to the coupled portion to a storage position in which the tow bar can be accommodated in the space below the rear part of the front vehicle.

Abstract: An electric motor-driven vehicle comprises a seat disposed centrally on a vehicle body, a loading platform located over a loading platform receiving frame and behind the seat, and a plurality of main frame rails connected to the loading platform receiving frame. The vehicle further comprises a fuel supply piping system, at least one battery, a fuel cell and at least one fuel tank, all disposed so as to efficiently use the space within the vehicle body, and all protected from external forces by the loading platform receiving frame. A plurality of partition walls separate the at least one battery and the fuel cell from the at least one fuel tank and provide additional protection against external forces to the fuel cell and the at least one fuel tank.

Abstract: A towing device capable of coupling a rear part of a front vehicle and a front part of a rear vehicle includes a support shaft, a coupled portion, and a tow bar. The support shaft is configured to be positioned on the rear part of the front vehicle such that an axis of the support shaft extends vertically. The tow bar can be pivoted from an extended position in which the distal end can be coupled to the coupled portion to a storage position in which the tow bar can be accommodated in the space below the rear part of the front vehicle.

Abstract: An electric motor-driven vehicle comprises a seat disposed centrally on a vehicle body, a loading platform located over a loading platform receiving frame and behind the seat, and a plurality of main frame rails connected to the loading platform receiving frame. The vehicle further comprises a fuel supply piping system, at least one battery, a fuel cell and at least one fuel tank. A plurality of air intake openings are formed on the vehicle body in front of the fuel cell and the at least one battery. The plurality of air intake openings are configured to receive at least part of the air caused to flow rearward by the propulsion of the vehicle to cool the fuel cell and the at least one battery. The fuel cell optionally comprises a fan and is optionally disposed in a fuel cell holder having lateral ends that define openings. The fan is configured to draw at least part of the air caused to flow rearward by the propulsion of the vehicle through the openings on the fuel cell holder to cool the fuel cell.

Abstract: An electric motor-driven vehicle comprises a seat disposed centrally on a vehicle body, a loading platform located over a loading platform receiving frame and behind the seat, and a plurality of main frame rails connected to the loading platform receiving frame. The vehicle further comprises a fuel supply piping system, at least one battery, a fuel cell and at least one fuel tank, all disposed so as to efficiently use the space within the vehicle body, and all protected from external forces by the loading platform receiving frame. A plurality of partition walls separate the at least one battery and the fuel cell from the at least one fuel tank and provide additional protection against external forces to the fuel cell and the at least one fuel tank.

Abstract: An electric motor-driven vehicle comprises a seat disposed centrally on a vehicle body, a loading platform located over a loading platform receiving frame and behind the seat, and a plurality of main frame rails connected to the loading platform receiving frame. The vehicle further comprises a fuel supply piping system, at least one battery, a fuel cell and at least one fuel tank. A plurality of air intake openings are formed on the vehicle body in front of the fuel cell and the at least one battery. The plurality of air intake openings are configured to receive at least part of the air caused to flow rearward by the propulsion of the vehicle to cool the fuel cell and the at least one battery. The fuel cell optionally comprises a fan and is optionally disposed in a fuel cell holder having lateral ends that define openings. The fan is configured to draw at least part of the air caused to flow rearward by the propulsion of the vehicle through the openings on the fuel cell holder to cool the fuel cell.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium having a non-magnetic disk substrate and a magnetic film formed on the surface of the non-magnetic disk substrate, a surface average roughness factor Ra(r) on the surface of the medium being from 0.3 nm to 3 nm, an orientation ratio of coercivity being from 0.1 to 0.7, and an in-plane magnetic anisotropic energy being from 3.times.10.sup.4 J/m.sup.3 to 5.times.10.sup.5 J/m.sup.3. By using such a medium, it is possible to provide a magnetic recording apparatus in which the magnetic head is capable of flying in a low position and high-density recording is achieved.