Abstract: A display device of the present invention has light-emitting devices making up a plurality of pixels placed in a matrix form. In the display device of the present invention, the light-emitting devices each possesses an emissive layer and a reflective element placed on the rear surface of the emissive layer; the emissive layer possesses at the said of the front side, a polarization separator which separates the light emitted from the emissive layer into two kinds of polarized components by the reflection and the transmission, and phase plate; the emissive layer substantially maintains the sate of the polarization of the light transmitted there-through; the reflective element at least reflects the circularly polarized light impinging in the vertical direction mainly as a circularly polarized light having a reverse helicity direction; and the polarization separator has a reflectance of the wavelength range from 520 nm to 600 nm smaller than a reflectance of range not more than 540 nm.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an illumination device, a light control element arranged at a projected light side of the illumination device, a reflective polarizer arranged at an upper portion of the light control element so that the transmission axis of polarized light is adjusted, a liquid crystal display element for controlling polarization of projected light projected from the reflective polarizer, and a screen arranged at an upper portion of the liquid crystal display element. The light control element includes an isotropic medium without birefringence.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes an organic light emitting layer disposed on a substrate and first and second electrodes between which the organic light emitting layer is disposed on the substrate. The second electrode is formed on the opposite side to the substrate of the organic light emitting layer. A buffer layer is disposed between the second electrode and the organic light emitting layer and is mainly made of oxide having a smaller quantity of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of the buffer layer than that of oxygen generated in decomposition upon formation of the second electrode. Further, the substrate is made of metal.

Abstract: An optical element is arranged in such a manner that a screen thereof can be hardly observed from a predetermined direction, and a deterioration of an image quality caused by moire does not occur. The optical element is constituted by a first polarizing layer, a second polarizing layer, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between these two polarizing layers. In the optical element, absorption axes of the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer are located parallel to each other; the liquid crystal layer is made of hybrid-aligned discotic liquid crystal; and an alignment axis of the liquid crystal layer is located parallel to, or perpendicular to both absorption axes of the first polarizing layer and of the second polarizing layer.

Abstract: An illuminating apparatus has a reduced number of mounting spots by soldering or the like to permit an increased yield rate and a reduced cost. The illuminating apparatus has light emitting diodes, lead frames, and a transparent sealer. N light emitting diodes, N sets of lead frames mounted with the N light emmitting diodes, and one set or more of lead frames each not mounted with a light emitting diode are sealed by the transparent sealer for integration into a modular illuminating apparatus. Also provided are a method for fabricating the illuminating apparatus, and a display apparatus using the illuminating apparatus.

Abstract: A self light emitting display device having high level of the external coupling efficiency and high grade image presentation as no optical cross-talk or blur can be obtained by a new light-emitting element. The device is constructed as follows. A plurality of picture elements, each of which picture elements has an organic layer composing light emitting areas, a transparent electrode and a reflective electrodes, are formed on a substrate. Between the picture elements, a bank which has a tilted reflective surface is formed so that the light emitting area is surrounded by the bank wherein the transparent optical waveguide layer is formed as optically isolated for each of the picture elements.

Abstract: Light-emitting devices and light-emitting displays for realizing bright display by allowing light emitted from an emissive layer to efficiently contribute to a display. Polarization separators are arranged between the emissive layer and a phase plate. In the light of a wavelength range which includes a part or all of a light-emission wavelength range of the emissive layer and is narrower than a visible wavelength range and is directed from the emissive layer side to the polarization separators side, the polarization separators reflect circularly polarized light components which are converted into linearly polarized light that is absorbed by the polarizer due to the operation of the phase plate and transmit the other light.

Abstract: In order to realize liquid crystal display devices having a wide viewing angle and reduce the absorption loss by polarizers and color filters, and arrangement of reflective color selective means, reflective polarizing selective means, a light control element, and others are specified.

Abstract: A display device of the present invention has light-emitting devices making up a plurality of pixels placed in a matrix form. In the display device of the present invention, the light-emitting devices each possesses an emissive layer and a reflective element placed on the rear surface of the emissive layer; the emissive layer possesses at the said of the front side, a polarization separator which separates the light emitted from the emissive layer into two kinds of polarized components by the reflection and the transmission, and phase plate; the emissive layer substantially maintains the sate of the polarization of the light transmitted there-through; the reflective element at least reflects the circularly polarized light impinging in the vertical direction mainly as a circularly polarized light having a reverse helicity direction; and the polarization separator has a reflectance of the wavelength range from 520 nm to 600 nm smaller than a reflectance of range not more than 540 nm.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal layer between a couple of substrates; a backlight apparatus arranged at one side of the couple of substrates of the liquid crystal display element; a polarizer arranged between the liquid crystal display element and the backlight apparatus; a luminous intensity distribution control element arranged at the other side of the couple of substrates of the liquid crystal display element; an analyzer arranged between the liquid crystal display element and the luminous intensity distribution control element, wherein the luminous intensity distribution control element comprises a transparent base member, a plural lenses arranged on the transparent base member, and a light absorbing layer having small opening portions substantially at focal positions of an individual lens of the plural lenses, and the transparent base member is constituted of a transparent body substantially optically isotropic or a transparent body h

Abstract: It is an object to provide an organic light-emitting element having two or more light-emitting layers, wherein degradation of each constituent material for the light-emitting layer is reduced to improve reliability of the element. The present invention provides an organic light-emitting element having a laminated structure with a first mixed light-emitting layer 4 composed of a hole transport material, an electron transport material and a dopant which determines a color of an emitted light, and a second mixed light-emitting layer 5 composed of a hole transport material, an electron transport material and a dopant which determines a color of an emitted light, and also provides an image display device which uses the organic light-emitting element.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an organic light-emitting display of high light-emitting efficiency. The organic light-emitting element comprising a board, upper electrode, lower electrode, a plurality of light-emitting units placed between the upper and lower electrodes, and a charge-generating layer placed between a plurality of the light-emitting units, wherein one of the light-emitting units has a layer for emitting monochromatic light and one of the light-emitting units has a layer for emitting polychromatic light, the former unit having an equivalent or lower light-emitting efficiency than the latter unit.

Abstract: There is eliminated a fringe pattern produced at the time of incidence of polarized light of a light distribution control element, in which stray light derived from outside unnecessary light in a liquid crystal display apparatus or the like can be effectively reduced, and bright, wide viewing angle characteristics are achieved as viewed at any angle by an observer. In the light distribution control element (100) constituted of a transparent base member (104), an array of a plurality of micro-lenses (transparent beads 105) densely arranged on the transparent base member and a light absorbing layer having very small opening portions substantially at focal positions of the micro-lenses, the transparent base member is constituted of a transparent body which is substantially isotropic optically or a transparent body having uniaxial optical anisotropy.

Abstract: A light-emitting device which is manufactured by a simple manufacturing method and which efficiently extracts light emitted from an emissive layer outward to improve the light extraction efficiency. The light-emitting device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and an emissive layer disposed between them and extracts a part of light emitted from the emissive layer as radiated light. In this light-emitting device, the first electrode, the nano-structure layer for extracting the radiated light, and a gap having a refractive index lower than an average refractive index of the emissive layer and a nano-structure layer, are arranged in that order in a direction in which the radiated light is extracted.

Abstract: A conventional thin membrane of aerogel, although achieving a low refractive index, retains some difficulty when it is to be applied to display apparatuses or the like, because of its low strength. Membranes produced by other methods are difficult to simultaneously achieve low refractive index and sufficient strength. The present invention provides an anti-reflecting membrane which is formed at least on one side of a plate transmitting visible light, is composed of fine inorganic oxide particles and a binder, contains a number of pores inside, and has an arithmetic average surface roughness (Ra) below 6 nm. The present invention also provides preferred embodiments of the display apparatuses provided with the membrane.

Abstract: The video display apparatus has a light modulation device for forming a picture in accordance with a video signal and a lighting unit for irradiating, on the light modulation device, illumination light necessary to cause it to display the picture. In the apparatus, the lighting unit irradiates the illumination light in sequence of individual plural illumination light source partitive areas, a luminance distribution calculating unit calculates luminance distributions of video signals corresponding to the plural partitive areas to determine illumination light luminance levels of the individual partitive areas, an illumination controller controls rays of the illumination light of individual areas of the lighting unit on the basis of determination by the luminance distribution calculating unit, and a video corrector corrects the video signal inputted to the light modulation device on the basis of the determination by the luminance distribution calculating unit.

Abstract: A light unit which includes a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) light sources arranged in parallel, a light-guiding member arranged on said LED light sources, a light reflecting part for reflecting light from said LED light sources forward, a light diffusion part for outgoing light from the surface of said light-guiding member to outside, and an optical path changing part arranged above said light-diffusion part, wherein a side of said light-guiding member that faces said light diffusion part is flat.

Abstract: An active matrix type organic light emitting diode display serving as a bottom emission type device coupling out emission of an organic electroluminescence layer from a substrate where thin film transistors are formed or as a top emission type device coupling out the emission on the opposite side to the substrate. In a suitable layer (102, 106, 107) in each device, an insulating film containing SiO is formed. The insulating film is porous with nano pores in the film. The porous insulating film is controlled as to film density, film refractive index, nano pore diameter in film, average nano pore diameter in film and maximum nano pore diameter in film so that the refractive index is lower than that of a transparent electrode or a transparent substrate of the display holding the organic electroluminescence layer therebetween, and nano pores are present in the film.

Abstract: A thin display unit which display a plurality of objects to be viewed located at different depthwise positions viewed from the viewer so as to exhibit an image with depthwise feeling, comprising: a single display portion having a screen which is divided into a far-distant display zone and a near-distant display zone, a polarized beam splitting element located in front of the near-distant display zone, a polarized beam changing element located in front of the far-distant display zone, and a total reflection mirror for reflecting an image beam emitted from the far-distant display zone, onto the polarized beam splitting element, wherein an image beam emitted from the near-distant display zone is transmitted through the polarized beam splitting element and then viewed by the viewer, and an image beam emitted from the far-distant display zone is transmitted through the polarized beam changing element, then is reflected at the total reflection mirror, and thereafter is reflected by the polarized beam splitting elem

Abstract: The invention relates to an engine arrangement that increases the degree of freedom of the engine state sensor while decreasing the size of the engine body. More specifically, the engine is formed with a chamber for housing a valve train and serving dually as a return oil path of the lubricating oil after having lubricated the valve train. The engine includes an oil temperature sensor partially exposed on one side of a cylinder block and an exhaust pipe partially exposed on the opposite side of the cylinder block.