Abstract: Provided is a laminate having low air permeability and excellent moisture permeability in a low temperature and low humidity environment. The laminate is provided with a porous substrate and a moisture-permeable membrane disposed on one side of the porous substrate, the laminate having an air resistance of 3000 seconds/100 cc or greater based on the Gurley method according to JIS P8117-2009 and a first moisture permeability of 300 g/(m2·24 h) or greater based on a moisture permeability testing method (the cup method) according to JIS Z0208-1976 under the conditions of a temperature of 5° C., a relative humidity of 45%, and a wind speed of 0.2 m/s or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a laminate having low air permeability and excellent moisture permeability, a partition member for total heat exchange element composed of the laminate, a total heat exchange element provided with a plurality of the partition members for total heat exchange element, and a ventilation device provided with the total heat exchange element. The laminate of the present disclosure is provided with a porous substrate and a moisture-permeable membrane disposed on one side of the porous substrate, the moisture-permeable membrane being provided with a porous substrate and a moisture-permeable membrane disposed on at least one side of the porous substrate, and the moisture-permeable membrane being formed of a thermoplastic copolymer having a side chain containing a hydrophilic group which is a functional group.

Abstract: A method uses a sheet shaped member to separate two spaces from each other. The sheet shaped member includes a base having a first principal surface and a second principal surface, and a moisture permeable membrane provided on or close to the first principal surface of the base. The first principal surface of the base is arranged in one of the two spaces having a lower water vapor pressure when the two spaces separated from each other by the sheet-like member have different water vapor pressures.

Abstract: A method uses a sheet shaped member to separate two spaces from each other. The sheet shaped member includes a base having a first principal surface and a second principal surface, and a moisture permeable membrane provided on or close to the first principal surface of the base. The first principal surface of the base is arranged in one of the two spaces having a lower water vapor pressure when the two spaces separated from each other by the sheet-like member have different water vapor pressures.

Abstract: A total heat exchange element includes a plurality of partition plates arranged at intervals. Each of the partition plates includes a base having a first principal surface and a second principal surface, and a moisture permeable membrane provided on or close to the first principal surface of the base. First flow paths through which air flows and second flow paths through which air having a higher water vapor pressure than the air in the first flow paths flows are alternately arranged with an associated one of the partition plates sandwiched between adjacent ones of the first flow paths and the second flow paths. In each of the plurality of partition plates, the first principal surface of the base faces a corresponding one of the first flow paths, and the second principal surface of the base faces a corresponding one of the second flow paths.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes flat sheet shaped partition members, and spacing members alternately stacked with the partition members to keep a space between an adjacent pair of the partition members. Each of the partition members is sandwiched between a first passage and a second passage alternately formed. Each of the spacing members has a frame portion formed along a periphery of the partition members. Each frame portion includes a ridge formed on one surface of the frame portion, and an elongated recess formed on an other surface of the frame portion. The ridge of one of an adjacent pair of the spacing members fits into the elongated recess of the other spacing member. Each of the partition members is sandwiched between the ridge of one of a pair of the spacing members adjacent to the partition member and the elongated recess of the other spacing member.

Abstract: An operational air conditioning mode is allowed to set to a temperature uniformization mode and a spot air conditioning mode, and is selectively switched between these modes automatically by a control means (53) or manually. In such an embodiment, a comfortably air-conditioned state is obtained in all the areas of a space to be air-conditioned W during air conditioning performed in the temperature uniformization mode, and the comfort is ensured by intensively air-conditioning the surroundings of a person during air conditioning performed in the spot air conditioning mode. At the same time, since an unnecessary air conditioning is not provided to a region without the presence of a person, energy conservation is improved, for example, and thus the comfort of air conditioning and energy conservation are both achieved.

Abstract: A speaker diaphragm 10 is provided having an improved quality of radiation sounds and a good outer appearance. The speaker diaphragm has in its slanted area projections typically represented by a peak line 4 and recesses typically represented by a bottom line 5. The projection typically represented by the peak line extends radially from the central area to the edge portion, and curves along the circumferential direction as it comes near to the edge portion. While the speaker diaphragm 10 vibrates at a large amplitude and moves toward the bottom side thereof, a rotation force is applied to air which is likely to concentrate upon the central area to thereby lower the air pressure to the central area. The speaker diaphragm 10 has a three-dimensional structure like a screw propeller so that the mechanical strength of the speaker diaphragm 10 can be increased over the whole area thereof and division vibrations can be suppressed.

Abstract: An operational air conditioning mode is allowed to set to a temperature uniformization mode and a spot air conditioning mode, and is selectively switched between these modes automatically by a control means (53) or manually. In such an embodiment, a comfortably air-conditioned state is obtained in all the areas of a space to be air-conditioned W during air conditioning performed in the temperature uniformization mode, and the comfort is ensured by intensively air-conditioning the surroundings of a person during air conditioning performed in the spot air conditioning mode. At the same time, since an unnecessary air conditioning is not provided to a region without the presence of a person, energy conservation is improved, for example, and thus the comfort of air conditioning and energy conservation are both achieved.

Abstract: An indoor unit (Z1) has a casing (1) which is embedded or suspended in/from a ceiling (50), and an indoor panel (2) which is provided on a lower side of the casing (1) and installed in an indoor exposed state. The indoor panel (2) is provided with an air inlet (3), a plurality of air outlets (4) which surround the air inlet (3) in a rectangular shape and have a rectangular shape. An infrared sensor (15) is provided on an exposed portion of the indoor panel (2). The indoor unit (Z1) further has an airflow changing unit (52) for changing characteristics of airflow blown out from each of the air outlets (4), and a control unit (53) for controlling the airflow changing unit (52) based on output information of the infrared sensor (15).