Abstract: [Problem] A metal laminated substrate for an oxide superconducting wire is provided at a low cost. The metal laminated substrate has high strength, and stable high biaxial orientation in the longitudinal direction. [Means for Resolution] A metal laminated substrate for an oxide superconducting wire is manufactured such that a non-magnetic metal plate T1 having a thickness of not more than 0.2 mm and a metal foil T2 made of Cu alloy which is formed by cold rolling at a draft of not less than 90% and has a thickness of not more than 50 ?m is laminated to each other by room-temperature surface active bonding, after lamination, crystal of the metal foil is oriented by heat treatment at a temperature of not less than 150° C. and not more than 1000° C. and, thereafter, an epitaxial growth film T3 made of Ni or an Ni alloy having a thickness of not more than 10 ?m is laminated to the metal foil.

Abstract: In frequency signals obtained by converting input audio signals from time-domain signals to frequency-domain signals, a level control value setting unit 5 establishes a level control value for reducing the levels of spectrums at a noise-components level. A level control value smoothing unit 6 carries out a smoothing process of smoothing the level control value established by the level control value setting unit 5 temporally. A spectral adjustment unit 8 multiplies the level control value after the smoothing process by the frequency signals, performing a level control.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an oxide superconductive wire includes the step of positioning a metal tape in a position at a distance (L) of at most 100 mm from a target for generating an oxide, and the step of forming an oxide superconductive layer on the metal tape using a vapor deposition method while transferring the metal tape at a transfer speed of at least 5 m/h with keeping the distance (L) between the metal tape and the target of at most 100 mm.

Abstract: A superconducting wire formed of a metal substrate and an overlying superconducting layer, the metal substrate being a textured metal substrate and planarized to have a surface layer extending from a surface thereof to a depth of 300 nm with a crystal axis offset relative to an orientation axis by at most 25° and a surface roughness RP-V of at most 150 nm, and a method of producing the wire. The surface layer's biaxial texture can be maintained while the substrate can have a surface planarized, and a highly superconductive wire and achieve a method of producing the same can thus be achieved.

Abstract: An oxide superconducting element wire (20) comprises a base material (1), an intermediate layer (2), and an oxide superconducting thin film (3). The base material (1) being long and flexible has a cross-section in a circular or a regular polygonal form perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the same. The periphery of the base material (1) is covered with an intermediate layer (2) and the periphery of the same is covered with an oxide superconducting thin film (3). The oxide superconducting thin film (3) has a portion in which a crystal orientation is three-axes aligned continuing in the longitudinal direction of the element wire (20).

Abstract: An oxide superconducting element wire (20) comprises a base material (1), an intermediate layer (2), and an oxide superconducting thin film (3). The base material (1) being long and flexible has a cross-section in a circular or a regular polygonal form perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the same. The periphery of the base material (1) is covered with an intermediate layer (2) and the periphery of the same is covered with an oxide superconducting thin film (3). The oxide superconducting thin film (3) has a portion in which a crystal orientation is three-axes aligned continuing in the longitudinal direction of the element wire (20).

Abstract: When a cuprate oxide LnBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x (Ln=Y, Pr or Sm; 0.30.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1) single crystal is heated for growing a film epitaxially on the crystal or for smoothing a damaged surface of the single crystal, many large protrusions occur on the surface of the oxide single crystal substrate or the film. The smooth surface of the oxides becomes rugged by the protrusions. According to the present invention, however, the oxide substrate or the oxide superconductor film can be heated in an atmosphere including oxygen of a partial pressure between 50 mTorr and 200 mTorr to prevent the protrusions from originating on the surface of the heated oxides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for growing a superconductive film on a superconductive substrate in order to produce a bulk single crystal. According to a preferred embodiment, an oxide superconductive film of a material which is the same or similar to the substrate material is epitaxially grown at a temperature between 450.degree. C. and 800.degree. C. so that the film and substrate have the same lattice orientations. According to the present invention, problems associated with conventional films having non-superconductor substrates (e.g., MgO and SrTiO.sub.3) are avoided.

Abstract: A coding unit for coding an audio signal by using an adaptive orthogonal transformation and a coding method comprises calculating the sum total of power of an input audio signal in a time duration of an orthogonal transform length or over the length, adaptively controlling the minimum audible level as a threshold level corresponding to the power level on a frequency axis after the orthogonal transformation or on a time axis before the orthogonal transformation, excepting samples having a power level under the threshold level from orthogonally transformed samples and quantizing remaining samples. The threshold level of the minimum audible level is adaptively controlled corresponding to an observed level of an input audio signal. Even if the input audio signal has various power levels, it is possible to usually set the adaptively audible value (the threshold level), thereby effectively reducing a coding amount.

Abstract: A system for coding and decoding an audio signal by using an orthogonal and inverse orthogonal transformation of a block unit, includes a coding unit having a circuit for obtaining a power level of the audio signal of a segment unit having a predetermined time interval shorter than the block unit, a circuit for generating a gain control signal from the power level, a circuit for performing a predetermined adaptive gain control responsive to the gain control signal to generate and output the adaptive gain control signal to a decoding unit, thereby performing a pre-treatment, and a coding portion for coding the adaptive gain control signal by using the orthogonal transformation to generate and output a coded signal; and the decoding unit having a decoding portion for decoding the coded signal, dequantizing and inversely and orthogonally transforming a decoded audio signal, and a circuit for performing an inverse gain control for the decoded audio signal responsive to the adaptive gain control signal from the ad

Abstract: There is provided the method of orthogonal transform coding/decoding to quantize/de-quantize transformed coefficients which are divided into a plurality of bands to which respective different numbers of coefficient are allotted. Quantization/de-quantization tables are arranged on the basis of a probability density function of the coefficient values designed on the assumption of a specified number of coefficients so as to correspond to the number of quantization/de-quantization bits. The values in the quantization/de-quantization tables selected according to the number of quantization/de-quantization bits are adaptively compensated on the basis of an actual number of coefficients on each band to quantize/de-quantize the coefficient values.