Abstract: A reformed hydrocarbon and hydrogen are produced by: subjecting a raw hydrocarbon material to thermal catalytic cracking under hydrogen for dehydrogenation to produce a reformed hydrocarbon having a degree of unsaturation higher than that of the raw hydrocarbon material and hydrogen; introducing the reformed hydrocarbon, hydrogen and an unreacted hydrocarbon into a pressure-reducing-rising device; and reducing and then raising a pressure to facilitate further cracking of the unreacted hydrocarbon and promote liquid-gas separation in a post-step. Hydrogen can be efficiently produced, and a reformed hydrocarbon of good quality (e.g., high octane number) can be produced with suppressing generation of carbon.

Abstract: A reformed hydrocarbon and hydrogen are produced by: subjecting a raw hydrocarbon material to thermal catalytic cracking under hydrogen for dehydrogenation to produce a reformed hydrocarbon having a degree of unsaturation higher than that of the raw hydrocarbon material and hydrogen; introducing the reformed hydrocarbon, hydrogen and an unreacted hydrocarbon into a pressure-reducing-rising device; and reducing and then raising a pressure to facilitate further cracking of the unreacted hydrocarbon and promote liquid-gas separation in a post-step. Hydrogen can be efficiently produced, and a reformed hydrocarbon of good quality (e.g., high octane number) can be produced with suppressing generation of carbon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for hydrodelayed thermal cracking in combination with hydrostripping, which comprises feeding crude oil from a surge tank to a crude oil stripper via a feed line; separating the crude oil into a lighter fraction and a heavier fraction in the crude oil stripper; subjecting the lighter fraction to hydrodesulfurization; feeding the heavier fraction from the crude oil stripper to a first storage tank; hydrothermally cracking the heavier fraction for at least 10 minutes under a hydrogen pressure in the first storage tank; introducing a bottom residue of the first storage tank into a second storage tank or the feed line, and subjecting a cracked and vaporized fraction of the first storage tank to hydrodesulfurization; hydrothermally cracking the residue introduced into the second storage tank under a higher hydrogen pressure than the hydrogen pressure of the first storage tank; subjecting a portion of a bottom residue of the second storage tank to hydrodemetallization, hydro

Abstract: Hydrogen partial pressure in the distilled vapor phase in a stripper is maintained sufficienty to allow a smooth distillation processing whereby an efficient crude oil stripping is performed. The distillate overhead thus produced is maintained at a temperature high enough for direct feeding to a subsequent hydrotreating process by means of a reflux cooler installed at the top of the stripper.

Abstract: A steam reactor comprises a pressure shell having inlet and outlet nozzles for each of a process gas and a heating gas, a plurality of metal catalyst tubes packed with a catalyst and located substantially vertically within the pressure shell, one and of each of the catalyst tubes being connected to a pipe and the other end being communicated with the inlet nozzle of the process gas; and a riser pipe located substantially vertically within the pressure shell, one end of the riser pipe being connected to the pipes and the other end being terminated in the outlet nozzle of the process gas. A support member is provided on the pressure shell to support the catalyst tubes and the riser pipe. The plurality of pipes which connect the catalyst tubes and the riser pipe have a diameter which is smaller than that of the catalyst tubes and the riser pipe and a structure capable of taking up the difference in thermal expansion between the catalyst tubes and the riser pipe.