Abstract: A laminate may include the following layers in order: a transparent substrate, a first dielectric layer, a silver layer, a light-absorbing layer, a first barrier layer, and a second dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer may be in contact with the transparent substrate, and a single silver layer may be present in the laminate between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.

Abstract: To provide a laminate having a silver layer and a light-absorbing layer in combination, of which changes of optical properties and occurrence of a haze due to a heat treatment are suppressed. A laminate comprising a transparent substrate and a laminated membrane provided on the transparent substrate, wherein the laminated membrane contains, in order from the transparent substrate side, a layer having two layers of a first dielectric layer and a silver layer formed in contact with each other in this order, and further a layer having three layers of a light-absorbing layer, a first barrier layer and a second dielectric layer formed in contact with one another in this order.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a reliable substrate in good yield, by suppressing bleeding of boric acid from a green sheet comprising a powder of borosilicate glass to improve printability of a conductive pattern thereby to prevent disconnection. A process for producing a substrate which comprises firing a green sheet comprising a powder of borosilicate glass, wherein the powder is one prepared by holding borosilicate glass before pulverization, at a temperature higher by at least 30° C. than the glass transition temperature and lower by at most 50° C. than the softening point of the borosilicate glass for at least 3 hours in the atmosphere, followed by pulverization.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a reliable substrate in good yield, by suppressing bleeding of boric acid from a green sheet comprising a powder of borosilicate glass to improve printability of a conductive pattern thereby to prevent disconnection. A process for producing a substrate which comprises firing a green sheet comprising a powder of borosilicate glass, wherein the powder is one prepared by holding borosilicate glass before pulverization, at a temperature higher by at least 30° C. than the glass transition temperature and lower by at most 50° C. than the softening point of the borosilicate glass for at least 3 hours in the atmosphere, followed by pulverization.