Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte, lithium-ion secondary battery includes an electrode group in which positive and negative electrode plates are wound via a separator accommodated into a battery container into which a non-aqueous electrolyte is injected. In the positive electrode plate, a positive electrode mixture layer including a lithium transition metal complex oxide is formed at both surfaces of an aluminum foil. A flame retardant layer containing a phosphazene compound as a flame retardant and a polyethylene oxide of a binder having ionic conductivity is formed at a surface of the positive electrode mixture layer. In the negative electrode plate, a negative electrode mixture layer including a carbon material of a negative electrode active material is formed at both surfaces of rolled copper foil. Ionic conductivity is secured by the polyethylene oxide, and the phosphazene compound decomposes when a battery temperature rises due to battery abnormality.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery in which formation of a flame retardant layer formed on the surface of an electrode or the like hardly affects the discharge characteristics is provided. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery 1 includes a positive electrode 3, a negative electrode 5, and a separator 7. A porous layer having ion permeability is formed using a flame retardant material on a surface of the positive electrode 3. The porous layer is formed by applying a hot melt, which is a fused flame retardant material made of a thermoplastic resin, to the surface of the positive electrode 3.

Abstract: Provided herein is a nonaqueous electrolyte battery separator capable of rendering a battery flame-retardant and suppressing a reduction in battery performance is provided. A porous front-side protective layer 47 is formed on a front surface 45A of a porous base material 45 made of a polyolefin-based resin. The front-side protective layer 47 protects the porous base material 45 such that the porous base material 45 is not thermally deformed or thermally contracted. A porous front-side flame retardant layer 49 is formed on the front-side protective layer 47. The front-side flame retardant layer 49 contains solid flame retardant having a melting point lower than the ignition temperature of a nonaqueous electrolyte.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of improving a high rate discharge property while securing safety is provided. A laminated electrode group 10 is sealed in a laminate film of an outer casing in a lithium-ion secondary battery. A positive electrode plate 14 and a negative electrode plate 15 are stacked alternatively in the laminated electrode group 10. In the positive electrode plate 14, a positive electrode mixture layer W2 containing a lithium manganese complex oxide of a positive electrode active material is formed at both surfaces of an aluminum foil W1. In the positive electrode mixture layer W2, other than the positive electrode active material, a carbon material of a conductor and a phosphazene compound of a flame retardant are dispersed and mixed uniformly. A ratio of a mass of the conductor to that of the flame retardant is set to 1.3 or more.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of securing safety at a time of battery abnormality and restricting a drop in capacity or output at a time of battery use is provided. In a lithium-ion secondary battery 20, an electrode group 6 that positive and negative electrode plates are wound via a separator is accommodated into a battery container 7 into which a non-aqueous electrolyte is injected. In the positive electrode plate, a positive electrode mixture layer W2 including a lithium transition metal complex oxide is formed at both surfaces of an aluminum foil W1. A flame retardant layer W6 containing a phosphazene compound of a flame retardant and a polyethylene oxide of a binder having ionic conductivity is formed at a surface of the positive electrode mixture layer W2. In the negative electrode plate, a negative electrode mixture layer W6 including a carbon material of a negative electrode active material is formed at both surfaces of rolled copper foil W3.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of securing safety at a time of battery abnormality and restricting a drop in a charge/discharge property or lowering in an energy density at a time of battery use is provided. The lithium-ion secondary battery 1 has an electrode group 5 formed by winding a positive electrode plate 2 that a positive electrode mixture layer including an active material is formed at a collector, a negative electrode plate 3 that a negative electrode mixture layer including an active material is formed at a collector via a porous separator 4. A flame retardant layer is disposed at one side or both sides of at least one kind of the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate and the separator. The flame retardant layer contains a non-fluorinated organic polymer, a flame retardant and a thickener.

Abstract: A lithium-ion secondary battery capable of securing safety at a time of battery abnormality and restricting a drop in a high rate discharge property is provided. A lithium-ion secondary battery 1 has an electrode group 5 formed by winding a positive electrode plate 2 in which a positive electrode mixture including a positive electrode active material is formed at a collector and a negative electrode plate 3 in which a negative electrode mixture including a negative electrode active material is formed at a collector via a porous separator 4. A flame retardant is mixed to the positive electrode mixture of the positive electrode plate 2. The mode of pore diameters formed at the positive electrode mixture, which is measured by a mercury porosimetry, is set to a range of from 0.5 to 2.0 ?m. The moving path for lithium-ions and at the same time the moving path for electrons are secured at a charge/discharge time.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of flattening of a voltage property and securing safety at a time of battery abnormality is provided. A lithium-ion secondary battery 20 has an electrode group 6 in which a positive and a negative electrode plates are wound. A non-aqueous electrolyte is formed by adding LiBF4 to a mixed solvent of EC and DMC. In the positive electrode plate, a positive electrode mixture layer W2 including a positive electrode active material is formed at both surfaces of an aluminum foil W1. A lithium manganese magnesium complex oxide having a spinel crystal structure is used as the positive electrode active material. A flame retardant layer W6 including a phosphazene compound is formed at a surface of the positive electrode mixture layer W2. In the negative electrode plate, a negative electrode mixture layer W4 including a negative electrode active material is formed at both surfaces of a rolled copper foil W3.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of securing safety at a time of battery abnormality and restricting a drop in a charge/discharge property at a time of battery use is provided. In a lithium-ion secondary battery 20, an electrode group 6 is accommodated in a battery container 7. The electrode group 6 is formed by winding a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate via a separator W5. The positive electrode plate has an aluminum foil W1 as a positive electrode collector. A positive electrode mixture layer W2 including a positive electrode active material is formed at both surfaces of the aluminum foil W1. A flame retardant layer W6 containing a flame retardant is formed at both surfaces of the positive electrode mixture layer W2. A carbon material which has electron conductivity and of which mass ratio to the flame retardant is 25% or less is contained in the flame retardant layer W6. The negative electrode plate has a rolled copper foil W3 as a negative electrode collector.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery in which formation of a flame retardant layer formed on the surface of an electrode or the like hardly affects the discharge characteristics is provided. A non-aqueous electrolyte battery 1 includes a positive electrode 3, a negative electrode 5, and a separator 7. A porous layer having ion permeability is formed using a flame retardant material on a surface of the positive electrode 3. The porous layer is formed by applying a hot melt, which is a fused flame retardant material made of a thermoplastic resin, to the surface of the positive electrode 3.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery providing high safety and having stable battery characteristics in which a flame retardant has little effect on the battery characteristics when the battery is in a use environment and in which flame retardance is imparted to a non-aqueous electrolyte when the battery generates an abnormal amount of heat is provided. The battery includes a non-aqueous electrolyte and a large number of flame retardant particles added to the electrolyte as the flame retardant is formed. The particles are made of a material that exists as a solid and does not perform a function of suppressing ignition when the temperature of the electrolyte is equal to or less than a reference temperature at which the electrolyte is likely to start combustion and that is at least partially liquefied and performs a function of suppressing combustion when the temperature of the non-aqueous electrolyte is more than the reference temperature.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery capable of making behavior of the battery calm at a time of battery abnormality to secure safety is provided. In a lithium-ion secondary battery 20, an electrode group 6 is accommodated in a cylindrical battery container 7 having a bottom. A positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate are wound via separators W5 to form the electrode group 6. The positive electrode plate has an aluminum foil W1 as a positive electrode collector. A positive electrode mixture including a lithium transition metal complex oxide as a positive electrode active material is applied to both surfaces of the aluminum foil W1 to form a positive electrode mixture layer W2. A flame retardant layer W6 containing a flame retardant is formed at a surface of the positive electrode mixture layer W2. The negative electrode plate has a rolled copper foil W3 as a negative electrode collector.

Abstract: A lithium ion battery capable of maintaining for a long time fire resistance of a nonaqueous electrolytic solution at a time of battery abnormality to secure safety is provided. In the lithium ion battery, two kinds of organic solvent, EC and DEC, are used for mixed organic solvent which forms the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and liquid flame retardant formed by phosphazene A having a boiling point closely to that of EC and phosphazene B having a boiling point closely to that of DEC is added to the electrolytic solution. At battery abnormality, when the battery temperature goes up due to internal short circuit of positive and negative electrodes caused by melting of separators to decompose each of EC and DEC, the phosphazene A and B, each having the boiling point closely to that of EC and DEC, decompose timely to function, thereby fire resistance of the electrolytic solution can be maintained for a long time to secure safety of the battery at the time of battery abnormality.

Abstract: A manganese non-aqueous electrolyte battery having safety at a time of battery abnormality and having a long life span is provided. A battery 20 has a cylindrical container 7 having a bottom. An electrode group 6 where a positive electrode plate that a spinel-related lithium manganese complex oxide is used as a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode plate that a carbon material is used as a negative electrode active material are wound via separators W5, is accommodated in the container 7. The electrode group 6 is infiltrated by an electrolytic solution in which LiBF4 is added as an electrolyte to organic solvent. Further, a phosphazene flame retardant is added at 10 wt % to the electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution hardly catches fire at a time of battery abnormality and manganese elution can be prevented.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell includes an electrolyte layer (101) made of a sintered product of a metal oxide powder, a fuel electrode (102) formed on one surface of the electrolyte layer (101), and an air electrode (103) formed on the other surface of the electrolyte layer (101) and including an active layer (131) and collector layer (132). The active layer (131) is made of a sintered product of a powder mixture obtained by mixing a powder of a perovskite oxide such as LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3 (LNF) having an average particle size of 0.5 ?m, and a powder of another perovskite oxide such as LNF having an average particle size of 1.3 ?m. The collector layer (132) is made of a sintered product of a powder of a perovskite oxide such as LNF having an average particle size of 1.3 ?m.

Abstract: An axle housing support structure may readily assemble and support an axle housing to a base frame. In the axle housing support structure, the axle housing composed of a differential housing with a body and a pair of axle tubes mounted on right and left sides of the differential housing for receiving a front axle is supported by fixing axle brackets fitted to the axle tubes, respectively, to the base frame. The axle bracket is fastened by using a repulsive force receiving bolt to a repulsive force receiving portion formed integrally with the body of the differential housing.

Abstract: An axle housing assembly has a stable strength against a drive repulsive force and is superior in dimensional precision and maintenance. The axle housing assembly for a vehicle includes: a differential housing for receiving a differential gear; a pair of axle tubes mounted integrally on the right and left sides of the differential housing for receiving respective drive axles; and an axle bracket mounted integrally on at least one of the axil tubes for receiving a repulsive force. In the axle housing assembly, the interconnection between the differential housing and the axle tube and the interconnection between the axle tube and the axle bracket for receiving the repulsive force are performed by bolts, respectfully.

Abstract: A production line for manufacturing automobiles, for example, has a plurality of movable carriages for carrying workpieces such as automotive bodies and a plurality of work stations for processing the automotive bodies such as by installing parts thereon or machining them. A controller which controls the work stations to process the automotive bodies has a memory having a plurality of storage areas for storing carriage identification data from the carriages that have arrived at the work stations and automotive body type data regarding the automotive bodies on the carriages, and also for storing carriage identification data transmitted from next carriages to arrive at the work stations and automotive body type data about the automotive bodies carried on the next carriages.

Abstract: A production line for manufacturing automobiles, for example, has a plurality of self-propelled carriages for carrying workpieces respectively thereon, the self-propelled carriages having respective first emergency shutdown circuits, and a plurality of automatic machines for processing the workpieces on the self-propelled carriages, respectively, the automatic machines having respective second emergency shutdown circuits, respectively. When one of the self-propelled carriage malfunctions, the first emergency circuit thereon is energized to interrupt movement of the self-propelled carriage along the production line, and operation of the automatic machine which processes the work-piece on the stopped self-propelled carriage is stopped in response to a signal which energizes the first emergency shutdown means on the self-propelled carriage.

Abstract: A conveying carrier is arranged to be self-propelled and move along a conveying passage having a pit formed therebelow. A track covers the top side of the pit flush with the road surface of the conveying passage. A plurality of wheels are attached to the conveying carrier with at least the front wheels being casters. A steering frame is pivotally supported on the conveying carrier and is turnable about a vertical steering axis line. A driving wheel and motor are attached to the steering frame, with the driving wheel being positioned to contact the track at a location substantially directly below the vertical steering axis line. A guide member is guided by a guide rail laid in the pit and connected to the steering frame through a slit in the widthwise center of the track. The pit is a substantially U-shaped track frame buried in the widthwise central portion.