Abstract: In a piezoelectric element, internal stress generated in an inactive portion at the time of sintering when a piezoelectric element is fabricated or stress applied from the outside to the inactive portion is absorbed by a recess of a lower surface of a first through hole conductor and a recess of an upper surface of a second through hole conductor. Accordingly, for example, deformation, rupture, or the like of the through hole conductor is prevented, and conduction failure or disconnection of an electrode layer or a through hole conductor is prevented. Further, in the inactive portion, since a protrusion of the piezoelectric layer enters the recess of the through hole conductor, a holding force of the piezoelectric layer with respect to the through hole conductor increases, and deformation of the through hole conductor is prevented or obstructed.

Abstract: In a piezoelectric element, internal stress generated in an inactive portion at the time of sintering when a piezoelectric element is fabricated or stress applied from the outside to the inactive portion is absorbed by a recess of a lower surface of a first through hole conductor and a recess of an upper surface of a second through hole conductor. Accordingly, for example, deformation, rupture, or the like of the through hole conductor is prevented, and conduction failure or disconnection of an electrode layer or a through hole conductor is prevented. Further, in the inactive portion, since a protrusion of the piezoelectric layer enters the recess of the through hole conductor, a holding force of the piezoelectric layer with respect to the through hole conductor increases, and deformation of the through hole conductor is prevented or obstructed.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric ceramic composition capable of being sintered at low temperatures and in a low-oxygen reductive atmosphere and capable of attaining a sufficient displacement even at high voltages of 1 kV/mm or more. The piezoelectric ceramic composition includes: a composite oxide, as a main constituent thereof, represented by the following composition formula; Cu and/or Ag, each as a first additive, Cu being included in a content ?, in terms of Cu2O, falling within a range 0<??0.5% by mass and Ag being included in a content ?, in terms of Ag2O, falling within a range 0<??0.4% by mass, in relation to the main constituent; wherein: composition formula: Pba[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)xTiyZrz]O3, where 0.96?a?1.03, 0.005?x<0.05, 0.42?y?0.53, 0.45?z?0.56, and x+y+z=1.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric ceramic composition capable of being sintered at low temperatures and in a low-oxygen reductive atmosphere and capable of attaining a sufficient displacement even at high voltages of 1 kV/mm or more. The piezoelectric ceramic composition includes: a composite oxide, as a main constituent thereof, represented by the following composition formula; Cu and/or Ag, each as a first additive, Cu being included in a content ?, in terms of Cu2O, falling within a range 0<??0.5% by mass and Ag being included in a content ?, in terms of Ag2O, falling within a range 0<??0.4% by mass, in relation to the main constituent; wherein: composition formula: Pba[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)xTiyZrz]O3, where 0.96?a?1.03, 0.005?x<0.05, 0.42?y?0.53, 0.45?z?0.56, and x+y+z=1.

Abstract: An oxide of a transition metal element having at least two valences less than 4 is contained in a spherical dielectric ceramic powder. According to a composite dielectric material using the dielectric ceramic powder, the electric resistivity can be made to take such a high value as 1.0×1012 ?·cm or more while satisfactory dielectric properties are being maintained.

Abstract: A piezoelectric ceramic composition has as a chief ingredient a composite oxide that has Pb, Ti and Zr as constituent elements. It contains as a first accessory ingredient at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Cr, Fe and Ni in an amount of 0.2 mass % or less excluding 0 mass % in terms of an oxide. As the first accessory ingredient, at least one species selected from the ingredients represented by CuOx, wherein x?0, can be adopted. In this case, the content of the first accessory ingredient is 3.0 mass % or less excluding 0 mass %. The piezoelectric ceramic composition is fired under reducing and firing conditions. The reducing and firing conditions include a firing temperature in the range of 800° C. to 1200° C. and an oxygen partial pressure in the range of 1×10?10 to 1×10?6 atm., for example.

Abstract: A piezoelectric substrate is constituted by a piezoelectric material of an effective Poisson's ratio being less than 1/3. The substrate has a pair of opposite faces and the opposite faces are provide with a pair of vibrating electrodes in correspondence. The opposite faces of the piezoelectric substrate are rectangular respectively. The sum of the lengths Lc of the one faces in the opposite faces 1a, 1b and the length Wc of the other side of the same is limited within range 2.22 mm≦≦2.24 mm or 2.34 mm≦≦2.48 mm, said one faces being vertical each other. The areas Sc of the opposite faces are 1.22 mm2≦Sc≦1.26 mm2 or 1.35 mm2≦Sc≦1.538 mm2. Accordingly, though using the piezoelectric material of the effective Poisson's ratio being less than 1/3, vibration in the thickness extensional fundamental waves can be steadily utilized.

Abstract: The present invention provides a crystal of (1R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(3S,5S)-5-sulfamoylaminomethyl-1-pyr rolidin-3-yl]thio-1-methyl-1-carba-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid represented by the following formula, a lyophilized preparation comprising the crystal, and a process for producing the same. The production process comprises the steps of freezing an aqueous solution containing the above-mentioned compound by cooling to -20.degree. C. or lower; warming the frozen solution to 0 to -10.degree. C.; and cooling and warming the frozen solution at least twice in a temperature range of 0 to -10.degree. C.

Abstract: A specific gene or DNA can be directly transferred into the pollen of a plant by selectively irradiating the shell of the pollen with ion beams without affecting the cell nucleus and thereafter immersing the irradiated pollen in a solution containing the specific gene or DNA of interest. The shell of the pollen of a plant may be irradiated with ions having a linear energy transfer (LET) of 5-10,000 keV/.mu.m to a controlled depth of ion injection. Hybridizing with pollen into which the specific gene or DNA has been transferred allows the specific gene to be transferred into a fertile embryo, thereby creating a transgenic plant.

Abstract: Provided is a piezoelectric ceramic which achieves a high density, good temperature characteristics and a high Curie temperature, which can fully prevent (a) a decrease in Qmax (Qmax refers to a tan.theta.max when the maximum value of phase angles of third harmonic is a .theta.max), (b) a decrease in q (dynamic range of resonance frequency), (c) an increase in a fundamental wave and (d) the occurrence of a spurious mode in the vicinity of third harmonic, caused by downsizing, and which can materialize a small-sized high-performance piezoelectric element, the piezoelectric ceramic having a composition of the general formula,(Pb.sub.a-k-y-z Sr.sub.x Ln.sub.y Bi.sub.z)(Ti.sub.1-b-c Mn.sub.b Me.sub.c)O.sub.3wherein Ln is at least one element selected from the group consisting of La, Ce and Pr, Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Sb and Ta, and x, y, z, a, b and c represent molar ratios, the composition satisfying 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.2, 0<y.ltoreq.0.1, 0.001.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.

Abstract: Plants of different genera or species are crossed after either pollen, anther or pistil is irradiated with an ion beam of a proton or an element up to uranium which have a LET of 5-10,000 keV/.mu.m and are applied in a dose range of 1-2,000 Gy.

Abstract: An echo canceller provided with an expected echo generating unit which generates an expected echo of a transmission signal and a frequency offset correction unit which detects a phase error between an echo in a received signal and an expected echo from the expected echo generating unit and corrects the frequency offset for the expected echo by an offset frequency estimated based on the phase error, wherein use is made of the expected echo after offset correction by the frequency offset correction unit so as to suppress the echo in the received signal, the frequency offset correction unit using the phase error obtained after normalizing the phase error by the magnitude of the echo in the received signal. By this, it is possible to perform frequency offset correction adaptive to the far-end echo characteristics.

Abstract: A data transmission unit includes a plurality of ports respectively connected to one of a plurality of terminals, a data transmission controller which is connected to a line and controls a data transmission, and a control part which is coupled between the data transmission controller and the ports and exchanges data between one of the ports and the data transmission controller in response to a call out command which is received from one of the terminals via the one of the ports.

Abstract: An indexing mechanism in a machine tool for selectively positioning plural pin portions of a crankshaft at the machining position aligned with the work spindle, wherein a indexing member engaging with the crankshaft through an engaging pin is rotated by an indexing motor through a gear train. The crankshaft is initially rotated in a first direction until a selected pin portion engages with a rest shoe of a rest device provided on the bed in order to be positioned in a reference angle position, in which the selected pin portion is located at the machining position aligned with a work spindle. The crankshaft is then clamped on the chucking device. After that, the indexing motor is rotated in a second direction opposite to the first direction until the load of the motor exceeds a reference level, so that the influence of a backlash in the gear train and a clearance between the engaging pin and the crankshaft is eliminated.

Abstract: A key telephone system has a plurality of telephone sets, each set having a hold button for temporarily holding a central office ("CO") line. A plurality of cell park lamps temporarily indicate which of the CO lines is being held. A plurality of call park buttons are individually associated with the call park lamps. An outgoing call button is used for seizing an idle one of the CO lines when an outgoing call is to be initiated. An answer button is used for seizing one of the CO lines over which an incoming call is being received. At least one external indicator indicates the various states (busy, idle, holding) of each of the CO lines. A central unit has a hold control circuit for indicating with the call park lamps when the CO line is being held responsive to an operation of either the hold button or a call park button.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a signal with a signal transmission rate selected from a plurality of signal transmission rates applicable to a facsimile transmission system. The distortion amount of a distortion measurement signal transmitted from a transmitting equipment is measured at a receiving equipment on the basis of the variation in the received distortion measurement signal. The distortion allowance range to which the measured distortion amount belongs is decided on the basis of the result of the measurement of the distortion amount. The transmission of the working signals is carried out with a transmission rate corresponding to the result of the decision of the distortion allowance range.

Abstract: A lyophilized preparation of 7.beta.-difluoromethylthioacetamido-7.alpha.-methoxy-3-[1-(2-hydroxyalkyl) -1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-thiomethyl-1-dethia-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid alkali metal salt containing glucose, fructose, maltose, or an alkali metal salt of mineral acid or carboxylic acid as a stabilizer.

Abstract: An automatic equalization device used in a data communication system includes a unit for extracting a single pulse from a training signal sent from a transmitter and initializing a tap coefficient using the extracted single pulse. The automatic equalization device also includes a first equalization circuit and a second equalization circuit. In the first equalization circuit, an auto-correlation series of the signal corresponding to the single pulse is calculated to provide a symmetric single pulse. In the second equalization circuit, an inverse matrix is calculated from the symmetric single pulse using the auto-correlational series of single pulses. By these calculations, the speed of the initial setting of the tap coefficient is increased.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying method suitable for a toner image transfer type copying apparatus is disclosed. Using a photosensitive member which comprises at least a photoconductive layer formed over a conductive base which is prepared from a dispersion of a photoconductive material including at least cadmium sulfide in a binder resin and in which a portion of photosensitive member is used repeatedly for forming an image of original to be copied, the method is characterized by performing a first step of charging said photosensitive member to high potential and to the same polarity as applied thereto for the formation of electrostatic latent images and subsequently exposing to light to sensitize said photosensitive member, said high potential being high enough to saturate the degree of sensitization; and a second step of charging the photosensitive member after the first step, and subsequently exposing the photosensitive member to an optical image to form an electrostatic latent image thereon.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to substances composed of arsenic, sulphur and silver or of germanium, sulphur and silver in a certain range of proportions which may produce electrolytes having standard electrical properties, and also having stable vitreous state, whereby the electrolytes are easy to work and manufacture as small circuit elements.