Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic memory device includes: a first interconnect; a second interconnect; a first switching element provided on the first interconnect; a second switching element provided on the second interconnect; a first insulating layer provided surrounding the first switching element; a second insulating layer surrounding the second switching element and not being in contact with the first insulating layer; a first conductor provided on the first switching element and the first insulating layer; a second conductor provided on the second switching element and the second insulating layer; a first magnetoresistive effect element provided on the first conductor; and a second magnetoresistive effect element provided on the second conductor.

Abstract: It relates to a treatment of oil-containing waste water using a membrane biological reactor membrane biological reactor biological reactor (MBR), and it is to provide a new treatment apparatus which is capable of suppressing a reduction in biological treatment activity and suppressing an effect on a separation membrane. Provided is a membrane biological reactor having a biological reaction chamber and a membrane separation chamber, in which the it has a configuration that, within the biological reaction chamber, at least one partition is installed to have a first reaction chamber, a second reaction chamber, and if necessary, an additional reaction chamber so as to form an upflow and downflow flow path, an aeration device and a scum/oil skimmer are installed at least in the first reaction chamber, and a mixture liquid containing activated sludge is withdrawn from the membrane separation chamber and distributed and returned at least to the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber.

Abstract: A nutrient solution is reduced with a reducing agent, and introduced into a contaminated object. Alternatively, groundwater reduced with a reducing agent is introduced into the contaminated object. Groundwater is contacted with the reducing agent while being circulated between an aquifer and a housing. A nutrient source for heterotrophic anaerobic microorganism may also be introduced into the contaminated object. The contaminated object contaminated with halogenated organic compounds can be purified efficiently and easily.

Abstract: There are provided a process and apparatus for biologically treating an exhaust containing nitrides without requiring a large amount of water by treating a circulating water containing ammonia in the treating system, preferably by which clogging of the packed layers can be prevented.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing nitrides is treated by a process comprising: passing the exhaust gas containing nitrides through a microbe carrier packed layer while cyclically spraying circulating water onto the packed layer, thereby forming a water containing ammonia and conducting biological reactions in which ammonia is converted to nitrate; converting the nitrate in the water to nitrogen by a denitrification reaction; and recirculating the water which has been denitrified in the process, wherein nitration of ammonia is conducted by spraying the circulating water having a pH regulated to not more than 7.5 onto the microbe carrier packed layer.

Abstract: A threaded fastener lighter in weight and easier to produce is made by the moderate temperature-forging, from a raw magnesium material that contains microcrystals whose diameter is about 100 &mgr;m or less. The raw material may be pure magnesium of industrial grade in one case, and alternatively be any magnesium alloy or such a composition as comprising as its matrix the alloy or pure magnesium, in the other cases. The raw material has a superplastic property and a fine-granulated metallographic internal texture, and when making the fastener, will be heated to 250-400° C. at which superplasticity takes place to facilitate the forging to form the fastener. A method proposed in the invention to make the fastener is thus such that the number of necessary processing steps is reduced and manufacture cost is lowered.

Abstract: A process for treating a water containing chlorinated organic compounds, wherein a microorganism is introduced from a degradation tank to a separation tank and an energy source is supplied to the microorganism separated in the separation tank. A water-treatment apparatus having a structure capable of continuously introducing water to be treated through a degradation tank, a separation tank and a reactivation tank. A loss of the energy source such as methane or propane discharged from the separation tank can be reduced. A water-treatment apparatus having a degradation tank and a separation tank, wherein a microorganism can be cultivated in the separation tank. The reactivation tank can be omitted, whereby the entire size of the apparatus can be reduced.