Abstract: A driving circuit according to an embodiment includes a driving unit, a first temperature detecting unit, an overheat protecting unit, a second temperature detecting unit, and a failure diagnosing unit. The driving unit supplies a driving current to a load based on a control signal input from a controller. The overheat protecting unit blocks supply of the driving current to the load when the level of the signal output from the first temperature detecting unit exceeds a temperature threshold. The failure diagnosing unit blocks supply of the driving current to the load and outputs a signal of a level corresponding to a temperature out of a temperature range detectable by the second temperature detecting unit to the controller when it is determined that the first temperature detecting unit breaks down.

Abstract: There is provided an abnormality detecting circuit. A clamp unit is configured to clamp an output voltage which is output from another device, such that the upper limit of the output voltage becomes a first clamp voltage which is generated on the basis of a constant voltage generated from a power supply voltage, or a second clamp voltage which is generated on the basis of the power supply voltage and which varies depending on the power supply voltage. A short-to-power detection unit is configured to compare the output voltage clamped by the clamp unit, with a predetermined threshold value which is generated on the basis of the power supply voltage, thereby detecting occurrence of a short to power.

Abstract: A driving circuit according to an embodiment includes a driving unit, a first temperature detecting unit, an overheat protecting unit, a second temperature detecting unit, and a failure diagnosing unit. The driving unit supplies a driving current to a load based on a control signal input from a controller. The overheat protecting unit blocks supply of the driving current to the load when the level of the signal output from the first temperature detecting unit exceeds a temperature threshold. The failure diagnosing unit blocks supply of the driving current to the load and outputs a signal of a level corresponding to a temperature out of a temperature range detectable by the second temperature detecting unit to the controller when it is determined that the first temperature detecting unit breaks down.

Abstract: There is provided an abnormality detecting circuit. A clamp unit is configured to clamp an output voltage which is output from another device, such that the upper limit of the output voltage becomes a first clamp voltage which is generated on the basis of a constant voltage generated from a power supply voltage, or a second clamp voltage which is generated on the basis of the power supply voltage and which varies depending on the power supply voltage. A short-to-power detection unit is configured to compare the output voltage clamped by the clamp unit, with a predetermined threshold value which is generated on the basis of the power supply voltage, thereby detecting occurrence of a short to power.

Abstract: Antimicrobial peptide provided by present invention is an artificially designed antimicrobial peptide that does not occur naturally, and includes a sequence composed of at least 6 contiguous amino acid residues selected from an amino acid sequence constituting laminin binding site (LBS), or said sequence with one or a plurality of amino acid residue(s) conservatively replaced, and an amino acid sequence that can express antimicrobial activity against at least one kind of bacteria or fungi. It is desirable that the total number of amino acid residues is 100 or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides an artificially synthesized antimicrobial polypeptide that does not occur in nature and an antimicrobial agent comprising this polypeptide as the main component. This polypeptide contains in its peptide chain one or more types of nuclear localization signal sequences (NLSs) and/or one or more units of sequences prepared by partially modifying the NLS(s). The one or more units of NLSs and/or modified NLSs contain at least 5 amino acid residues in total and amount to 30% or more of the total amino acid residues constituting the peptide chain.

Abstract: Antimicrobial peptide provided by present invention is an artificially designed antimicrobial peptide that does not occur naturally, and includes a sequence composed of at least 6 contiguous amino acid residues selected from an amino acid sequence constituting laminin binding site (LBS), or said sequence with one or a plurality of amino acid residue(s) conservatively replaced, and an amino acid sequence that can express antimicrobial activity against at least one kind of bacteria or fungi. It is desirable that the total number of amino acid residues is 100 or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides an artificially synthesized antimicrobial polypeptide that does not occur in nature and an antimicrobial agent comprising this polypeptide as the main component. This polypeptide contains in its peptide chain one or more types of nuclear localization signal sequences (NLSs) and/or one or more units of sequences prepared by partially modifying the NLS(s). The one or more units of NLSs and/or modified NLSs contain at least 5 amino acid residues in total and amount to 30% or more of the total amino acid residues constituting the peptide chain.

Abstract: The novel quaternary ammonium salt according to the invention has two quaternary ammonium groups connected to a benzene ring, wherein two C4-12 alkyl groups and one C1-2 alkyl group are connected per one nitrogen atom constituting the quaternary ammonium. The compound is used as an antimicrobial agent, exhibits a high safety to human as compared with known antimicrobial agents, exerts an excellent sterilizing effect itself and exhibits a wide sterilizing spectrum. In particular, the compound is used as a presevative for eye drop.

Abstract: The novel quaternary ammonium salt according to the invention has two quaternary ammonium groups connected to a benzene ring, wherein two C4-12 alkyl groups and one C1-2 alkyl group are connected per one nitrogen atom constituting the quaternary ammonium. The compound is used as an antimicrobial agent, exhibits a high safety to human as compared with known antimicrobial agents, exerts an excellent sterilizing effect itself and exhibits a wide sterilizing spectrum. In particular, the compound is used as a presevative for eye drop.