Abstract: A cooling system is mounted on an internal combustion engine equipped with an EGR device including an EGR passage. The cooling system includes: an intercooler disposed in the intake passage; an EGR cooler disposed in the EGR passage; a condensed water discharger configured to discharge condensed water generated in the EGR cooler from the EGR passage; a radiator configured to cool a first coolant to or below a dew point of the EGR gas flowing into the EGR cooler; a first circulation flow path configured to circulate the first coolant in the order of the radiator, the EGR cooler, and the intercooler; and a pump disposed in the first circulation flow path and configured to circulate the first coolant such that an outlet gas temperature of the EGR cooler is equal to or lower than the dew point of the EGR gas flowing into the EGR cooler.

Abstract: A lens driving device includes a base, a lens holder capable of holding a lens body, a movable support, a leaf spring that is disposed on the movable support and supports the lens holder such that the lens holder is movable along an optical axis of the lens body, a suspension wire that rises from the base along the optical axis and supports the movable support such that the movable support is movable in a direction intersecting the optical axis, and a drive mechanism that moves the movable support in the direction intersecting the optical axis. The leaf spring includes a spring body fixed to the movable support, a wire fixing part to which the suspension wire is fixed, and a first beam and a second beam that are disposed between the spring body and the wire fixing part and torsionally deformable.

Abstract: A cooling system is mounted on an internal combustion engine equipped with an EGR device including an EGR passage. The cooling system includes: an intercooler disposed in the intake passage; an EGR cooler disposed in the EGR passage; a condensed water discharger configured to discharge condensed water generated in the EGR cooler from the EGR passage; a radiator configured to cool a first coolant to or below a dew point of the EGR gas flowing into the EGR cooler; a first circulation flow path configured to circulate the first coolant in the order of the radiator, the EGR cooler, and the intercooler; and a pump disposed in the first circulation flow path and configured to circulate the first coolant such that an outlet gas temperature of the EGR cooler is equal to or lower than the dew point of the EGR gas flowing into the EGR cooler.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a supercharger having a compressor and a turbine and an EGR apparatus having an exhaust recirculating pipe, an upstream EGR valve and a downstream EGR valve. An electronic control unit fully opens the upstream EGR valve and controls an EGR amount by the downstream EGR valve when a peak value of an exhaust pressure increases excessively. The resulting increase in exhaust volume causes the peak value of the exhaust pressure to fall, and damage to parts of an exhaust system can be avoided. The electronic control unit fully opens the downstream EGR valve and controls the EGR amount by the upstream EGR valve when the peak value of the exhaust pressure decreases excessively. The resulting decrease in the exhaust volume causes the peak value of the exhaust pressure to rise, enabling supercharging.

Abstract: A lens driving device includes a base, a lens holder capable of holding a lens body, a movable support, a leaf spring that is disposed on the movable support and supports the lens holder such that the lens holder is movable along an optical axis of the lens body, a suspension wire that rises from the base along the optical axis and supports the movable support such that the movable support is movable in a direction intersecting the optical axis, and a drive mechanism that moves the movable support in the direction intersecting the optical axis. The leaf spring includes a spring body fixed to the movable support, a wire fixing part to which the suspension wire is fixed, and a first beam and a second beam that are disposed between the spring body and the wire fixing part and torsionally deformable.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine comprises a supercharger 34 having a compressor 34a and a turbine 34b and an EGR apparatus 50 having an exhaust recirculating pipe 51, an upstream EGR valve 52 and a downstream EGR valve 53. An electronic control unit 60 fully opens the upstream EGR valve 52 and controls an EGR amount by the downstream EGR valve 53 when a peak value of an exhaust pressure increases excessively. Thereby, since exhaust volume increases, the peak value of the exhaust pressure falls. Therefore, damage of parts of an exhaust system can be avoided. The electronic control unit 60 fully opens the downstream EGR valve 53 and controls the EGR amount by the upstream EGR valve 52 when the peak value of the exhaust pressure decreases excessively. Thereby, since the exhaust volume decreases, the peak value of the exhaust pressure rises. Therefore, supercharging can be continued while an EGR gas is being introduced.

Abstract: An electronic control unit executes a deposit removal operation of removing a deposit accumulated in an intake port of an internal combustion engine. In the deposit removal operation, the temperature of an EGR gas that is recycled to an intake passage is measured or estimated. Then, a variable valve mechanism is operated such that an intake valve is opened in an expansion stroke or an exhaust stroke and the lift amount of the intake valve becomes larger as the measured or estimated temperature of the EGR gas becomes lower. Further, an external EGR device is operated such that the amount of the EGR gas that is recycled to the intake passage becomes larger as the measured or estimated temperature of the EGR gas becomes lower.

Abstract: An electronic control unit executes a deposit removal operation of removing a deposit accumulated in an intake port of an internal combustion engine. In the deposit removal operation, the temperature of an EGR gas that is recycled to an intake passage is measured or estimated. Then, a variable valve mechanism is operated such that an intake valve is opened in an expansion stroke or an exhaust stroke and the lift amount of the intake valve becomes larger as the measured or estimated temperature of the EGR gas becomes lower. Further, an external EGR device is operated such that the amount of the EGR gas that is recycled to the intake passage becomes larger as the measured or estimated temperature of the EGR gas becomes lower.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a control unit determining the occurrence or non-occurrence of dew condensation in a tip portion of a nozzle based on a nozzle heat receiving amount of an injector and a nozzle tip temperature of the injector at a point in time when ignition is turned OFF and performing nozzle corrosion prevention control when the dew condensation is determined to occur in the nozzle tip portion. The control unit calculates a nozzle tip temperature reduction rate based on the nozzle heat receiving amount, calculates a dew point arrival time based on the reduction rate, and determines the occurrence or non-occurrence of the dew condensation in the nozzle tip portion based on the dew point arrival time.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a control unit determining the occurrence or non-occurrence of dew condensation in a tip portion of a nozzle based on a nozzle heat receiving amount of an injector and a nozzle tip temperature of the injector at a point in time when ignition is turned OFF and performing nozzle corrosion prevention control when the dew condensation is determined to occur in the nozzle tip portion. The control unit calculates a nozzle tip temperature reduction rate based on the nozzle heat receiving amount, calculates a dew point arrival time based on the reduction rate, and determines the occurrence or non-occurrence of the dew condensation in the nozzle tip portion based on the dew point arrival time.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a technology that enables reduction of NOx stored in an NOx catalyst with improved efficiency in an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine. According to the present invention, when NOx stored in the NOx catalyst is to be reduced, if the temperature of the NOx catalyst is lower than a specific temperature, the air-fuel ratio of the ambient atmosphere around the NOx catalyst is decreased only by decreasing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and if the temperature of the NOx catalyst is not lower than the specific temperature, the air-fuel ratio of the ambient atmosphere around the NOx catalyst is decreased either only by adding reducing agent through reducing agent addition means, or by decreasing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine and adding reducing agent through the reducing agent addition means.

Abstract: Atmospheric pollution and global warming have been caused due to conversion of petroleum, natural gas and atomic energy into electrical energy and continued use of the first two of these energy sources as engine fuel. Such being the case, there is a pressing need to use alternative energy and to change from using power mechanisms to using alternative types of mechanisms. Disclosed is a human-powered device provided with a first lever and a second lever. A large force is generated using a first lever. By means of a second lever, the force is further amplified, and swing amplitude is enlarged. The fulcrum position is made to move, with the result that the second lever is provided with a continuously variable function. A pinion makes normal or reverse rotation according to the movement of the second lever, which swings. By means of a ratchet mechanism provided at a first shaft, this normal or reverse rotation is converted into rotation made in one direction only by a gear wheel.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control apparatus that prevents an abrupt change in the air amount at the time of supercharger switching. The control apparatus enters a small turbo operating state in which a small turbocharger is mainly operative, during relatively low-rotation-speed and low-load side, and enters a large turbo operating state in which a large turbocharger is mainly operative, in a relatively high-rotation-speed and high-load. In the small turbo operating state, the control apparatus can exercise charging efficiency enhancement control by using a scavenging effect. Before switching from the small turbo operating state to the large turbo operating state, the control apparatus predicts whether the large turbocharger will build up its boost pressure quickly or slowly. When slow boost pressure is predicted, the control apparatus exercises charging efficiency enhancement control to provide a low degree of charging efficiency enhancement.

Abstract: There is provided a collimator lens which turns light emitted from a laser device, which is used in a laser display device, into parallel beams. The collimator lens is configured such that the wavelength of the light from the laser device is equal to or longer than 375 nm and equal to or shorter than 750 nm, the numerical aperture is equal to or larger than 0.2 and equal to or smaller than 0.75, and both conditions of “D/f>0.85 assuming that the lens thickness is D and the focal distance is f” and “?d>57 assuming that the Abbe number is ?d” are satisfied.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control apparatus that prevents an abrupt change in the air amount at the time of supercharger switching. The control apparatus enters a small turbo operating state in which a small turbocharger is mainly operative, during relatively low-rotation-speed and low-load side, and enters a large turbo operating state in which a large turbocharger is mainly operative, in a relatively high-rotation-speed and high-load. In the small turbo operating state, the control apparatus can exercise charging efficiency enhancement control by using a scavenging effect. Before switching from the small turbo operating state to the large turbo operating state, the control apparatus predicts whether the large turbocharger will build up its boost pressure quickly or slowly. When slow boost pressure is predicted, the control apparatus exercises charging efficiency enhancement control to provide a low degree of charging efficiency enhancement.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a technology that enables reduction of NOx stored in an NOx catalyst with improved efficiency in an exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine. According to the present invention, when NOx stored in the NOx catalyst is to be reduced, if the temperature of the NOx catalyst is lower than a specific temperature, the air-fuel ratio of the ambient atmosphere around the NOx catalyst is decreased only by decreasing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine, and if the temperature of the NOx catalyst is not lower than the specific temperature, the air-fuel ratio of the ambient atmosphere around the NOx catalyst is decreased either only by adding reducing agent through reducing agent addition means, or by decreasing the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine and adding reducing agent through the reducing agent addition means.

Abstract: Recessed grooves having planar adhesion surfaces and inclined surfaces over the entire thickness of a slider, the inclined having a surface width equal to an adhered portion width at an arm of a microactuator, and form an angle with respect to the horizontal plane. The slider and the actuator are joined with an adhesive disposed between the slider and the adhered portion of the microactuator arm.

Abstract: The supersonic cleaning of a magnetic head apparatus is executed while the control conductive pattern and the conductive leaf spring are electrically connected by means of soldering, and the conductive leaf spring is grounded. This makes it possible to prevent the accumulation of electrostatic charges in the piezoelectric elements on the magnetic head apparatus, thereby preventing the development of surge current or reducing the intensity thereof, and reducing the damage to the reproducing elements and the recording element mounted on the slider of the magnetic head apparatus.

Abstract: A magnetic head actuator provided with a finely movable tracking device having a piezoelectric element is provided for easy wiring to the piezoelectric element and reducing problems such as wire breakage and continuity defects. In the magnetic head actuator, a portion of an FPC board resin base is removed to expose a portion of the feeding line that extends onto a voltage impressing electrode. An electrical and mechanical connection is made between the electrode and the exposed portion of the feeding line by ultrasonic bonding, Au ball bonding, or stud bumping.