Abstract: A package substrate on which a semiconductor chip in which circuit elements having different operating voltages exist in a mixed manner is mounted on a front surface side thereof, and in which electrical paths extending from the front surface side to a back surface side are formed for each of the operating voltages. IN the package substrate, the wiring layers having the different operating voltages are arranged so as to be spaced apart by predetermined distances in accordance with the operating voltages, and the wiring layers having the same operating voltage are arranged so as to overlap with each other in a plan view at least in the build-up layer.

Abstract: [Problem] To present a solar heat collecting pipe capable of enhancing the heat collecting efficiency by suppressing the dissipation of energy transmitted to the heat medium passing through the inside of an inner pipe. [Solving Means] In the solar heat collecting pipe 1 including the inner pipe 11 for receiving sunlight collected by the light collecting mechanism 2, and transmitting energy to the heat medium 14 passing through the inside, and the outer pipe 12 covering the outer circumference of the inner pipe 11, a solar heat absorbing film 11a is applied in a portion exposed to sunlight of the inner pipe 11 of the solar heat collecting pipe 1 (the portion exposed to the reflected light of the sunlight at least on the surface of the inner pipe 11, and a heat reflecting film 11b is applied in a portion not exposed to sunlight from the light collecting mechanism 2.

Abstract: To secure stable heat collection efficiency and a safe and less expensive support/driving mechanism, a solar collector includes a tracking unit rotatably arranged around a drive shaft. The tracking unit includes a heat collection tube disposed in a longitudinal direction of the tracking unit and converts sunlight into heat. A collector has a reflection panel having a concave cross section in a lateral direction thereof for reflecting sunlight on the heat collection tube and a support member supporting the reflection panel from the backside. The heat collection tube 30 is fixed to the collector. The support member includes a tubular main pipe at a lowermost portion and in the longitudinal direction of the support member, and a plurality of flat support frames fixed to the upper portion of the main pipe in the lateral direction and vertically fixed to the backside of the reflection panel along the concave portion.

Abstract: The heater has increased quick responsiveness to temperature control of air, and the air conditioner can realize highly accurate temperature control using the heater. A duct unit having heat sources comprising electric lamps in the inside thereof is attached to an air duct. Air coming into contact with glass bulbs of the electric lamps is heated by radiant heat and transferred heat generated by lighting the electric lamps, whereby the heater with increased quick responsiveness to temperature control is obtained. A first heater and a second heater are provided in the air duct, respectively, and temperature sensors for controlling these heaters are attached to the air duct and a precision environment chamber, respectively, whereby temperature control in two stages with different temperature resolutions is made possible, and an air conditioner with high accuracy excellent in controllability can be provided.

Abstract: The heater has increased quick responsiveness to temperature control of air, and the air conditioner can realize highly accurate temperature control using the heater. A duct unit having heat sources comprising electric lamps in the inside thereof is attached to an air duct. Air coming into contact with glass bulbs of the electric lamps is heated by radiant heat and transferred heat generated by lighting the electric lamps, whereby the heater with increased quick responsiveness to temperature control is obtained. A first heater and a second heater are provided in the air duct, respectively, and temperature sensors for controlling these heaters are attached to the air duct and a precision environment chamber, respectively, whereby temperature control in two stages with different temperature resolutions is made possible, and an air conditioner with high accuracy excellent in controllability can be provided.