Abstract: An object of this invention is to improve resistance to heat and to increase a measurable range of a pressure without increasing a cost. In order to attain the object, a first unit arranged near an exhaust gas pipe and a second unit arranged separately from the first unit and connected to the first unit through a connecting pipe are provided, and the first unit has an exhaust gas flow channel from one end of which an exhaust gas is introduced, an orifice part arranged in a midst of the exhaust gas flow channel, a pressure rising check valve of a mechanically operating type that is connected to a downstream side of the orifice part in the exhaust gas flow channel, and a dilution gas flow channel that is connected to a downstream side of the orifice part in the exhaust gas flow channel so that the diluted exhaust gas diluted by the dilution gas is derived from the other end of the exhaust gas flow channel.

Abstract: A particulate collection system, including a particulate matter analyzer and collecting filter, provides a method of analyzing and collecting samples from fluids, such as collecting particulate matter from air. A mass measuring unit and composition analyzing unit can be provided for either simultaneous or immediately consecutive measurements within a single instrument. The filter material can have an antistatic electricity characteristic and can be impregnated with reference material to enable calibration of the composition analyzing unit.

Abstract: A system, including a particulate matter analyzer and collecting filter, provides a method of analyzing and collecting samples from fluids, such as collecting particulate matter from air. A mass measuring unit and composition analyzing unit can be provided for either simultaneous or immediately consecutive measurements within a single instrument. The filter material can have an antistatic electricity characteristic and can be impregnated with reference material to enable calibration of the composition analyzing unit.

Abstract: A highly sensitive particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus for measuring a concentration of particulate matter in a sample gas collected in a collecting region formed on a collecting medium, the collecting region being formed by drawing the sample gas through a cross-sectional area of the collecting medium, the collecting medium is a filter tape that includes a porous film made of a fluorine resin and a reinforcing layer provided on the porous film, the particulate matter concentration is measured using a beta-ray absorbing method while removing the error influences of naturally occurring beta radiation, and includes an additional impact type sampler or cyclone type sampler for filtering the sample gas prior to collecting the particulate matter in the collecting region.

Abstract: A highly sensitive particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus for measuring a concentration of particulate matter in a sample gas collected in a collecting region formed on a collecting medium, the collecting region being formed by drawing the sample gas through a cross-sectional area of the collecting medium, the collecting medium is a filter tape that includes a porous film made of a fluorine resin and a reinforcing layer provided on the porous film, the particulate matter concentration is measured using a beta-ray absorbing method while removing the error influences of naturally occurring beta radiation, and includes an additional impact type sampler or cyclone type sampler for filtering the sample gas prior to collecting the particulate matter in the collecting region.

Abstract: A system, including a particulate matter analyzer and collecting filter, provides a method of analyzing and collecting samples from fluids, such as collecting particulate matter from air. A mass measuring unit and composition analyzing unit can be provided for either simultaneous or immediately consecutive measurements within a single instrument. The filter material can have an antistatic electricity characteristic and can be impregnated with reference material to enable calibration of the composition analyzing unit.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium and a magnetic disk device using the same. The magnetic recording medium comprising a nonmagnetic substrate having applied thereon, through two or more chromium-based underlayers, a magnetic recording layer having a circumferential direction of easy magnetization and containing cobalt as a principal component thereof, and also containing chromium and platinum in combination with tantalum or tantalum and niobium. Using the magnetic recording medium, a reproducing output and S/N ratio can be increased without causing an increase in noise.

Abstract: A highly sensitive particulate matter concentration measuring apparatus for measuring a concentration of particulate matter in a sample gas collected in a collecting region formed on a collecting medium, the collecting region being formed by drawing the sample gas through a cross-sectional area of the collecting medium, the collecting medium is a filter tape that includes a porous film made of a fluorine resin and a reinforcing layer provided on the porous film, the particulate matter concentration is measured using a beta-ray absorbing method while removing the error influences of naturally occurring beta radiation, and includes an additional impact type sampler or cyclone type sampler for filtering the sample gas prior to collecting the particulate matter in the collecting region.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium and a magnetic disk device using the same. The magnetic recording medium comprising a nonmagnetic substrate having applied thereon, through two or more chromium-based underlayers, a magnetic recording layer having a circumferential direction of easy magnetization and containing cobalt as a principal component thereof, and also containing chromium and platinum in combination with tantalum or tantalum and niobium. Using the magnetic recording medium, a reproducing output and S/N ratio can be increased without causing an increase in noise.

Abstract: A magnetic disk drive has a magnetic disk and a magnetic head assembly mounted on an arm. The assembly is utilized in the recording and reproducing of data on and from a recording/reproducing surface of a magnetic disk. The magnetic head assembly includes a support body for connecting the magnetic head assembly to the arm and a head chip attached to the support body. The head chip is configured and arranged for making substantially continuous sliding contact with the recording/reproducing surface of the magnetic disk during recording/reproducing. The head chip includes a wafer base, a read/write element for recording/reproducing data from the recording/reproducing surface of the magnetic disk. The read/write element is formed from a plurality of thin film layers superposed upon the wafer base and the head is elongated in a direction generally perpendicular to a plane generally defined by the recording/reproducing surface.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a nonmagnetic substrate and a magnetic recording film of a magnetic metal material deposited through a primer layer of a nonmagnetic metal material on the substrate, wherein the primer layer is formed of a metallic material composed mainly of chromium or chromium and molybdenum and the magnetic recording film is formed of a metallic material composed mainly of at least one member selected from the group consisting of cobalt, chromium, tantalum, and platinum. The magnetic recording medium enables high-density recording by taking advantage of high coercive force and, at the same time, can reduce the noise level and improve the S/N ratio.

Abstract: There is provided a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus which has an improved reliability for a reproduced signal by eliminating a deformation in a reproduced signal waveform due to a residual magnetization generated in a magnetic head. The magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus has a magnetic recording medium including a magnetic film to which information is magnetically recorded and a thin-film magnetic head including a magnetic pole and a coil provided around the magnetic pole. A current supplying circuit supplies a current to the coil so that a magnetic state of the magnetic pole is stabilized. The current is supplied to the coil after a recording operation has been completed by the thin-film magnetic head. The current may demagnetize the magnetic pole of the magnetic head, or stabilize the magnetic state of the magnetic pole.

Abstract: There is provided a magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus which has an improved reliability for a reproduced signal by eliminating a deformation in a reproduced signal waveform due to a residual magnetization generated in a magnetic head. The magnetic recording/reproducing apparatus has a magnetic recording medium including a magnetic film to which information is magnetically recorded and a thin-film magnetic head including a magnetic pole and a coil provided around the magnetic pole. A current supplying circuit supplies a current to the coil so that a magnetic state of the magnetic pole is stabilized. The current is supplied to the coil after a recording operation has been completed by the thin-film magnetic head. The current may demagnetize the magnetic pole of the magnetic head, or stabilize the magnetic state of the magnetic pole.

Abstract: A non-magnetic substrate, a Cu layer having a film thickness ranging from 0.5 to 10 nm, a Cr layer having a film thickness of 100 nm or less, a magnetic layer made of CoCrPt alloy in which a percentage content of Cr ranges from 12 atoms % to 20 atoms % and a percentage content of Pt ranges from 4 atoms % to 18 atoms %, a protective layer and a lubricating layer are arranged in that order to form a magnetic recording medium. Because the Cu layer is sufficiently thinned, a medium noise is sufficiently reduced, and a medium S/N ratio is sufficiently heightened. Because the film thickness of the Cr layer is 100 nm or less, the medium noise is reduced. Because the composition of CoCrPt alloy is limited in the magnetic layer, the medium S/N ratio is heightened. In addition, it is preferred that another Cu layer having a film thickness ranging from 0.5 to 10 nm be inserted into the magnetic layer to divide the magnetic layer into two layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic recording medium for use in an external memory device of an information processing apparatus etc., and an object thereof is to reduce noise, achieve high coercive force, and use the substance as a magnetic recording medium for detecting signals in a magnetoresistance head. In the magnetic recording medium comprising the magnetic recording layer 25 including ferromagnetic grains 22 and a nonmagnetic substance 23, the improvement in structure comprises that the ferromagnetic grains 22 are formed to have respectively an average grain diameter of 50 nm or less and not to be overlapped in the film thickness direction and to be isolated in the direction along a layer surface, and that a product of residual magnetization and a film thickness of the magnetic recording layer 25 is less than or equal to 150 Gauss.cndot..mu.m.

Abstract: A magnetic head for vertical magnetic recording includes a return portion having a sufficiently large area confronting a magnetic recording medium, a main pole having its front end portion confronting the magnetic recording medium, a magneto-resistive film provided in the middle of a magnetic circuit, including the return portion, the main pole, and the magnetic recording medium. The magnetic head has its initial magnetization set in the direction virtually orthogonal to the direction of flux in the magnetic circuit. A first and a second terminal are connected to both ends of the magneto-resistive film. The magnetic circuit also includes a bypass magnetic path magnetically connecting the main pole with the return portion.

Abstract: A thin film of ferrite for use as a magnetic recording medium includes (a) Cu and Ti or (b) Cu, Ti and Co. The inclusion of Ti extends upwards the upper limit of the range of temperature for reducing .alpha.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 to Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4, whereas the inclusion of Cu extends downwards the lower limit of this range. Further, the inclusion of both Ti and Cu enables the stable production of .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 over a wide range of temperature for oxidizing Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 to said .gamma.-Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3. The inclusion of Co improves the magnetic properties of the ferrite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic recording medium for use in an external memory device of an information processing apparatus etc., and an object thereof is to reduce noise, achieve high coercive force, and use the substance as a magnetic recording medium for detecting signals in a magnetoresistance head. In the magnetic recording medium comprising the magnetic recording layer 25 including ferromagnetic grains 22 and a nonmagnetic substance 23, the improvement in structure comprises that the ferromagnetic grains 22 are formed to have respectively an average grain diameter of 50 nm or less and not to be overlapped in the film thickness direction and to be isolated in the direction along a layer surface, and that a product of residual magnetization and a film thickness of the magnetic recording layer 25 is less than or equal to 150 Gauss•&mgr;m.