Abstract: There is provided an EPIR device which is excellent in mass productivity and high in practical utility. The EPIR device includes a lower electrode layer, a CMR thin film layer and an upper electrode layer which are laminated in this order on any of various substrates. A Pt polycrystal thin film 10 forming the lower electrode layer includes columnar Pt crystal grains 10A, 10B, 10C, . . . and over 90% of these crystal grains is oriented to a (1 1 1) face. Columnar PCMO crystal grain groups 20A, 20B, 20C, . . . are respectively locally grown epitaxially on the respective outermost surfaces of the Pt crystal grains 10A, 10B, 10C, . . . . Then, the crystal faces of the crystal grains included in the PCMO crystal grain groups 20A, 20B, 20C, . . . and vertical in the substrate surface normal direction are any one of (1 0 0)p, (1 1 0)p and (1 1 1)p planes.

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrogenated ester by hydrogenating an unsaturated group-containing ester having a specific structure by using a hydrogenating catalyst so as to obtain a hydrogenated ester with a high selectivity. It is preferred that the unsaturated group-containing ester as the raw material is diluted with an inert solvent and/or the concentration of carboxylic acid contained in the raw material is made 1 wt. % or less so as to effect a hydrogenation reaction. The hydrogenating catalyst to be used for the above hydrogenation may preferably be one comprising at least one metal selected from Group 8 elements, Group 9 elements, and Group 10 elements in the periodic table according to Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Revised Edition, 1989, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and preferably has an acidity of 1.0×10?1 mmol/g or less.

Abstract: There is provided an EPIR device which is excellent in mass productivity and high in practical utility. The EPIR device includes a lower electrode layer, a CMR thin film layer and an upper electrode layer which are laminated in this order on any of various substrates. A Pt polycrystal thin film 10 forming the lower electrode layer includes columnar Pt crystal grains 10A, 10B, 10C, . . . and over 90% of these crystal grains is oriented to a (1 1 1) face. Columnar PCMO crystal grain groups 20A, 20B, 20C, . . . are respectively locally grown epitaxially on the respective outermost surfaces of the Pt crystal grains 10A, 10B, 10C, Then, the crystal faces of the crystal grains included in the PCMO crystal grain groups 20A, 20B, 20C, . . . and vertical in the substrate surface normal direction are any one of (1 0 0)p, (1 1 0)p and (1 1 1)p planes.

Abstract: A lattice strain(s) due to lattice mismatch can be effectively utilized and it is further designed for the reduction of leakage current and the improvement of fatigue characteristic. Substantially one layer of {X3}O corresponding to one atomic layer of {X3}O is inserted at suitable intervals while epitaxially growing perovskite oxides or {X1}{X2}O3 layers 12 on a substrate which is similar in crystallographic structure to a desired thin film. {X1} and {X3} are each Ca or the like, {X2} is Ti or the like and ┌O┘ is oxygen. While the {X3}O layer(s) 14 is introduced so as to divide the perovskite structure of the {X1}{X2}O3 layers 12, it is present in a condition exhibiting an extremely high structural matching with the perovskite structure thereby forming a layered perovskite structure.

Abstract: A composite module and its production process which allow multiple functions, miniaturization, low power consumption and low costs without requiring any external chip parts at all. A high-frequency integrated circuit is embedded in a silicon substrate, a high-frequency high-capacity bypass capacitor and a matching coil using thin films of different types of materials are also formed on the silicon substrate, a high-frequency high-capacity bypass capacitor is further formed with an interlayer insulation film between them, and these elements and the high-frequency integrated circuit are connected via a wiring layer.

Abstract: There are provided a magnetic thin film utilizing a granular film and having excellent high frequency characteristics and a method of manufacturing the same, and a multilayered magnetic film and magnetic components and electronic equipment utilizing the same.

Abstract: There are provided a magnetic thin film utilizing a granular film and having excellent high frequency characteristics and a method of manufacturing the same, and a multilayered magnetic film and magnetic components and electronic equipment utilizing the same.

Abstract: A laser printer has one circuit board made of paper phenol without heat radiation function and provided outside a frame body, in which two circuits of a semiconductor laser drive circuit and a motor drive circuit are packaged, a motor mounting member having a motor mounting function alone, a flexible cable for connecting the circuit board provided outside the frame body with a motor placed inside the frame body, and a flexible cable for connecting the circuit board provided outside the frame body with a semiconductor laser installed inside the frame body to be angularly adjustable by itself.

Abstract: A lattice strain(s) due to lattice mismatch can be effectively utilized and it is further designed for the reduction of leakage current and the improvement of fatigue characteristic.

Abstract: A composite module and its production process which allow multiple functions, miniaturization, low power consumption and low costs without requiring any external chip parts at all. A high-frequency integrated circuit is embedded in a silicon substrate, a high-frequency high-capacity bypass capacitor and a matching coil using thin films of different types of materials are also formed on the silicon substrate, a high-frequency high-capacity bypass capacitor is further formed with an interlayer insulation film between them, and these elements and the high-frequency integrated circuit are connected via a wiring layer.

Abstract: There are provided a magnetic thin film utilizing a granular film and having excellent high frequency characteristics and a method of manufacturing the same, and a multilayered magnetic film and magnetic components and electronic equipment utilizing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a circuit module through the use of a wireless bonding technique. In this invention, in order to achieve component assembly without experiencing thermal and mechanical stresses, in the circuit module manufacturing method in which an external electrode of a component and a conductor of a substrate are connected with each other according to the wireless bonding technique, the substrate has a laser beam transmissible property, and after the component is placed on an assembly surface of the substrate, a laser beam is applied from a surface of the substrate opposite to the assembly surface thereof to a connecting spot. The laser beam passing through the substrate heats the connecting spot so that the connection between the external electrode of the component and the conductor of the substrate is made by phase transition or diffusion.

Abstract: A process for purifying acetic acid which comprises: introducing a feedstock aqueous solution of acetic acid having an acetic acid concentration of from 10 to 50% by weight into an extractor; supplying an extracting medium containing isopropyl acetate in an amount from 0.6 to 3.

Abstract: There is first prepared a mixture of a nitride ceramic material (e.g. aluminum nitride) and a sintering aid (e.g. calcium carbonate), both in finely divided form. Admixed with a binder, the mixture is pressed into moldings of desired shape. The moldings are sintered to maturity in a nitrogenous atmosphere. The sintered moldings are subsequently aftertreated by being exposed to fluorine or its compound at a reduced temperature in the range of, typically, 1000.degree. to 1600.degree. C. The aftertreatment eliminates undesired intergranular substances from the sintered moldings and thus improves their thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A kerosene heater having a vertically oriented wick (4) which is movable to an upper position to be ignited, to a lowered position to be extinguished, and to any of a range of intermediate positions for continuous combustion, incorporates an apparatus (6A) operable by actuating a lever (6) to raise the wick to the upper position and initiate ignition and to lower the wick from that position, and an apparatus coupled thereto for automatically lowering the wick to a predetermined position within the combustion range after a predetermined time interval has elapsed following the start of igniting the wick. The danger of excessive flare-up of the wick flame after ignition is thereby eliminated, without the need for observation and control of the heater by the user.

Abstract: In a kerosene heater in which combustion is effected by means of a wick (3), a wick raising and lowering mechanism (5) for raising and lowering the wick (3) and a fine-regulatable wick raising and lowering mechanism (20) for finely controlling the combustion rate of the wick (3) are provided. The fine-regulatable wick raising and lowering mechanism (20) generally includes a rack (23), a wick-raising pinion (32), a wick-lowering pinion (34), a first manually operable member (27) for driving the wick-raising pinion (32), and a second manually operable member (28) for driving the wick-lowering pinion (34). The combustion rate can be finely, easily, and safely regulated by means of an operation between the rack (23) and the wick-raising and lowering pinions (32, 34).

Abstract: A combustion apparatus including a housing formed with an opening, a combustion tube provided in the opening, a reflector disposed rearwardly of the combustion tube, and at least one heat shielding plate disposed between the combustion tube and a top plate of the housing such that at least one gap for allowing convected air to flow therethrough is defined between the heat shielding plate and the top plate. Furthermore, a front end of the heat shielding plate is projected forwardly of the top plate.

Abstract: An oil heater having a wick fed radiant burner which comprises a wick adjusting shaft rotatable in first and second directions about the longitudinal axis thereof; a wick holder for moving together therewith a wick between an extinguishing position and a maximum combustion position past a minimum combustion position in response to the rotation of the shaft; a ratchet wheel mounted on the shaft for displacement axially of the shaft; an actuating pin mounted on the shaft and angularly movable together with the shaft; an abutment bank provided on the wheel for defining the angular distance over which the pin moves, which angular distance corresponds to the distance of movement of the wick holder between the maximum combustion position and the extinguishing position; and a one-way stopper provided on the wheel and operable to permit the pin to pass thereover during the rotation of the shaft in the second direction, but to restrain the pin from passing thereover during the rotation of the shaft in the first direct

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic material composed of primary and secondary ingredients forming in combination a polycrystalline ceramic proper, and of insulating substances diffused throughout the intergranular boundaries of the ceramic proper for an increase in apparent relative dielectric constant. The primary ingredients comprise, in relative proportions, 95.20-99.80 wt. % SrTiO.sub.3, 0.15-2.30 wt. % WO.sub.3, and 0.05-2.50 wt. % ZnO. The seconary ingredients comprise 0.02-0.10 wt. part SiO.sub.2 and 0.01-0.03 wt. part Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with respect to 100 wt. parts of the primary ingredients, with the weight ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 being from 1.5 to 5.0. The insulating substances comprise 0.03-2.75 wt. % PbO, 0.11-4.23 wt. % Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 0.001-0.18 wt. % B.sub.2 O.sub.3 with respect to the total weight of the primary and the secondary ingredients.

Abstract: A dielectric ceramic material composed of primary and secondary ingredients forming in combination a polycrystalline ceramic proper, and of insulating substances diffused throughout the intergranular boundaries of the ceramic proper for an increase in apparent relative dielectric constant. The primary ingredients comprise, in relative proportions, 90.68-99.88 wt. % SrTiO.sub.3, 0.07-5.32 wt. % Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, and 0.05-4.00 wt. % GeO.sub.2. The secondary ingredients comprise 0.02-0.10 wt. part SiO.sub.2 and 0.01-0.03 wt. part Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with respect to 100 wt. parts of the primary ingredients, with the weight ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 being from 1.5 to 5.0. The insulating substances comprise 0.03-2.90 wt. % PbO, 0.11-4.34 wt. % Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 0.001-0.18 wt. % B.sub.2 O.sub.3 with respect to the total weight of the primary and the secondary ingredients.