Abstract: A liquid crystal lens optical body that is available to a rapid response, the liquid crystal lens optical body having a first liquid crystal lens in which a liquid crystal layer is held between first electrodes, the first liquid crystal lens changing optical power by controlling orientation condition of liquid crystal molecules based on an input signal to the electrodes, and a second liquid crystal lens in which a liquid crystal layer is held between second electrodes, the second liquid crystal lens changing optical power by controlling orientation condition of liquid crystal molecules based on the input signal to the electrodes, the first and second liquid crystal lenses provided on an optical axis. In each liquid crystal lens, a response characteristic when the optical power undergoes a transition from a large condition thereof to a small condition thereof is different from a response characteristic when the optical power undergoes a transition from a small condition thereof to a large condition thereof.

Abstract: A power management system is disclosed in which ESL labels communicate with a server through a base station. The frequency and times at which each ESL label communicates with the server is optimized for the minimum communication necessary to provide up to date pricing and related information, and to simultaneously minimize consumed battery power for the ESL labels. The base stations and servers for the system are preferably operated from hard wired power.

Abstract: A liquid crystal lens optical body that is available to a rapid response, the liquid crystal lens optical body having a first liquid crystal lens in which a liquid crystal layer is held between first electrodes, the first liquid crystal lens changing optical power by controlling orientation condition of liquid crystal molecules based on an input signal to the electrodes, and a second liquid crystal lens in which a liquid crystal layer is held between second electrodes, the second liquid crystal lens changing optical power by controlling orientation condition of liquid crystal molecules based on the input signal to the electrodes, the first and second liquid crystal lenses provided on an optical axis. In each liquid crystal lens, a response characteristic when the optical power undergoes a transition from a large condition thereof to a small condition thereof is different from a response characteristic when the optical power undergoes a transition from a small condition thereof to a large condition thereof.

Abstract: A power management system is disclosed in which ESL labels communicate with a server through a base station. The frequency and times at which each ESL label communicates with the server is optimized for the minimum communication necessary to provide up to date pricing and related information, and to simultaneously minimize consumed battery power for the ESL labels. The base stations and servers for the system are preferably operated from hard wired power.

Abstract: In a miniaturized electronic device having two time informing sound generating functions, namely time signaling and alarm sound generating functions, the volume of the sound produced is automatically controlled such that it is different at the time of the time signaling sound generation and at the time of the alarm sound generation.

Abstract: An electronic calculator capable of determining biorhythm which comprises means for calculating a number of days of existence from a data of birth and a specified date; means for computing a number of residual days by dividing the calculated number of days of existence by the cyclic periods or 23 days, 28 days and 33 days of three factors of biorhythm, that is, the physique, sensivitity and intellect respectively; and means for indicating said residual days as biorhythmic indices on a specified date.

Abstract: Apparatus for converting a data consisting of a data of a basic unit and a data of a unit other than the basic unit into a data of the basic unit comprises data input means, an operation unit connected to receive the output data from the data input means, memory means in which the output of the operating unit is set, unit indicating means for generating signals corresponding to respective units of the input data, and control means responsive to the signals generated by the unit indicating means, said control means including means for setting the input data in the memory means when the unit indicating means produces a signal corresponding to the basic unit of the input data, means for causing the operation unit to convert a unit of the input data other than the basic unit into a data of the basic unit when the unit indicating means produces a signal of a unit other than the basic unit, means for causing the operation unit to operate to add the converted data to the data which has been set in the memory means,

Abstract: A voltage selection circuit comprises CMOS circuits, each comprised of a series of P-channel MOS transistors and a series of N-channel MOS transistors. In each CMOS circuit, the gate electrodes of the P-channel MOS transistors are connected to those of the N-channel MOS transistors, respectively, to thereby form pairs of P- and N-channel transistors. Binary coded signals are supplied to the gate electrodes of the MOS transistors. In each CMOS circuit, upon receipt of binary coded signals at the pairs of P- and N-channel MOS transistors, only P-channel transistors or only N-channel transistors are turned on one after another. The voltage between the open source electrodes of each CMOS circuit can pass through the P-channel transistors or the N-channel transistors, thereby enabling selection of one of at least four different voltages based on the input binary coded signals.