Abstract: The present invention is to provide a lighting apparatus with compact size. The lighting apparatus includes a housing receiving an electric bulb and a pair of busbars. The pair of the busbars each include an electrode connection portion and an electrical cable connection portion. The electrode connection portion is connected to an electrode of the electric bulb. The electrical cable connection portion interconnects the electrode connection portion and a flat cable. The electrical cable connection portion is bent at a right angle at a connection portion thereof with the electrode connection portion and extends in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the electrode connection portion and is disposed on exterior surface of a rear end portion of the housing.

Abstract: A storage stores data of charging electric potentials at two or more points on a surface of an image carrier, and coordinates thereof expressed using a main-scanning position and a sub-scanning position thereof. A determination unit determines a correction value of a light power from the data of charging electric potentials at two or more points and coordinates thereof that have been read out from the storage unit. The correction value is applied to the light source so as to reduce the charging electric potential or the charging electric potential unevenness of coordinates on the surface of the image carrier. A correction unit uses the determined charging electric potential or correction value to correct the light power of the light source so as to mitigate an influence of charging unevenness at each set of coordinates.

Abstract: An interior illumination device includes a receiving housing of a design part having swinging shafts; a switching knob of a design part having swinging holes, said switching knob being swingably supported by the swinging shafts and the swinging holes; a switching unit of a functional part swingably supporting a switching lever; and a rotation regulating member interposed between the switching knob and the swinging shafts of the design part for regulating a swinging range of the switching knob. When the design part and the functional part are assembled with each other, the switching knob and the switching lever are connected to each other, and the switching lever is swung in conjunction with a swing of the switching knob.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a lighting apparatus with compact size. The lighting apparatus includes a housing receiving an electric bulb and a pair of busbars. The pair of the busbars each include an electrode connection portion and an electrical cable connection portion. The electrode connection portion is connected to an electrode of the electric bulb. The electrical cable connection portion interconnects the electrode connection portion and a flat cable. The electrical cable connection portion is bent at a right angle at a connection portion thereof with the electrode connection portion and extends in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the electrode connection portion and is disposed on exterior surface of a rear end portion of the housing.

Abstract: Data indicative of charge unevenness caused by the photosensitive body is stored in a first memory, and data indicative of non-uniformity in amount of laser light regarding each reflecting face of the polygon mirror is stored in a second memory. A correction data generator executes processing based upon both types of data from the charge-unevenness data regarding the photosensitive body and the data indicative of non-uniformity in amount of laser light, and generates new correction data for correcting both charge unevenness and non-uniformity in amount of light. The amount of laser light is controlled by the correction data obtained, and it is possible to obtain a uniform image in which density unevenness is reduced.

Abstract: The voltage applied to a first grid electrode 71 of an X-ray tube 11 by a grid voltage control section 110 is controlled with reference to a predetermined negative voltage from a negative voltage generating section 112 when an object 5 to be inspected does not exist in an imaging area (irradiation area of an X-ray from an X-ray source 1) so that the pulse outputted from a pulse generator 105 is in its OFF state, and is controlled with reference to a reference positive voltage from a reference voltage generating section 115 when the object 5 to be inspected exists in the imaging area in the X-ray image intensifier 2 (irradiation area of the X-ray from the X-ray source 1) so that the pulse outputted from the pulse generator 105 is in its ON state, whereby both of the cutoff voltage and grid operating voltage are applied in a stable state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: The voltage applied to a first grid electrode 71 of an X-ray tube 11 by a grid voltage control section 110 is controlled with reference to a predetermined negative voltage from a negative voltage generating section 112 when an object 5 to be inspected does not exist in an imaging area (irradiation area of an X-ray from an X-ray source 1) so that the pulse outputted from a pulse generator 105 is in its OFF state, and is controlled with reference to a reference positive voltage from a reference voltage generating section 115 when the object 5 to be inspected exists in the imaging area in the X-ray image intensifier 2 (irradiation area of the X-ray from the X-ray source 1) so that the pulse outputted from the pulse generator 105 is in its ON state, whereby both of the cutoff voltage and grid operating voltage are applied in a stable state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing liquid crystal display devices comprising a step for forming a transparent electrode and a circuit element of semiconductor on the surface of a pair of transparent substrates, and various steps for applying a photoresist, exposing to the light, etching, releasing the photoresist, inspecting the electrodes and circuit elements of semiconductor, forming an insulating film, forming an alignment film, rubbing the alignment film, spreading spacers, applying a sealing agent, fabricating a cell, filling a liquid crystal, pasting a polarizing plate, and connecting a driver IC characterized in that a soft X-ray is irradiated to the substrate in at least one step prior to the rubbing of the alignment films to produce liquid crystal display devices, at a high yield, in which devices number of pixel defect is small.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrostatic charger and discharger which can realize ozone-less, non-contact charging that can prevent the member to be charged or the member to be charge-removed from deteriorating upon irradiation of an electromagnetic wave. Each of the charger and discharger has an electric field forming system with a specific structure for efficiently forming an electric field that causes ions produced by an electromagnetic wave to become attached to the major surface of the member to be charged or the member to be charge-removed in a space.

Abstract: A wall of a casing has first and second threaded holes. A retaining member is rotatable between a normal position and a disabled position. The retaining member has a hole and a groove. A mechanism operates for enabling the retaining member to fasten the battery to the casing wall when the retaining member is in the normal position. The mechanism includes first and second screws. The first screw extends through the hole of the retaining member, and extends into the first threaded hole in the casing wall and is connected to the casing wall. The first screw has a head engageable with the retaining member. The second screw extends through the groove in the retaining member when the retaining member is in the normal position. The second screw extends into the second threaded hole in the casing wall, and is connected to the casing wall. The second screw has a head engageable with the retaining member.

Abstract: To provide an X-ray generator capable of both being compact and containing an air-cooling mechanism, an X-ray generator according to the present invention houses within a protective case both an X-ray tube containing a cathode for irradiating a target with an electron beam, in which X-ray tube the target having a ground potential is fixed to the inner surface of an output window, which in turn is fixed to an electrically and thermally conductive output window support provided on the end of a bulb; and a power supply for driving the X-ray tube. A flange portion formed on the output window support so as to protrude externally contacts and is fixed to the thermally conductive protective case. As a result, heat near 100.degree. C. generated continuously in the X-ray tube is transferred to the protective case and dissipated externally. The thus configured X-ray generator is best suited when used as an electrostatic remover for removing electrostatic accumulations on an object, such as an integrated circuit.

Abstract: A method for treating an aligning film for a liquid crystal display element and a method for preparing a liquid crystal display element are proposed.The said treating method comprises rubbing a specified aligning film formed on a transparent substrate with a transparent electrode and thereafter radiating soft X-ray for 2 seconds or more in gas. The said preparing method comprises arranging a transparent electrode on a pair of transparent substrates, forming an aligning film consisting of an organic high molecular compound on the said transparent electrode, treating the said aligning film by a rubbing treatment, assembling the substrates face to face each other via a spacer, and then sealing a liquid crystal material.By a method for treating an aligning film according to the invention, it is possible to lower display unevenness of a liquid crystal display element and to improve an yield of product.

Abstract: A method for treating an aligning film for a liquid crystal display element wherein an aligning film consisting of an organic high molecular compound formed on a transparent substrate with a transarent electrode is subjected to a robbing treatment and thereafter said aligning film is irradiated with soft X-rays in a gas.A method for preparing a liquid crystal display element comprising the steps of arranging a transparent electrode on a pair of transparent substrates, forming an aligning film consisting of an organic high molecular compound on the said transparent electrode, treating said aligning film by a rubbing treatment, assembling the substrates to face each other with a spacer disposed therebetween, and then applying and sealing to a substrate a liquid crystal material wherein the aligning film is subjected to a robbing treatment and thereafter said aligning film is irradiated with soft X-rays in gas.

Abstract: A tray unit is moved into a housing or partially pulled out from the housing by a horizontal motor provided in the housing. Since the tray unit can load a plurality of cassettes, the weight of the unit is largely changed in accordance with the number of loaded cassettes. The horizontal motor must be controlled by accurately detecting the moving position of the tray unit. The rotation of the horizontal motor is transmitted to a rotary member. The rotation of the rotary member is associated with a pulse detecting element provided on a printed circuit board for tray position detection. The moving position of the tray unit is detected by counting pulses obtained from the pulse detecting element in accordance with the rotation of the rotary member.