Abstract: The present invention provides a method of screening for a drug for the prophylaxis or treatment of at least one disease selected from the group consisting of cardiac disease, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, central nervous system disease, infectious disease, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock, which includes selecting a substance that binds to an intracellular region of TLR4, and inhibits signal transduction from said molecule, and a kit for this method, which contains (1) a cell that expresses wild-type TLR4 and (2) a cell that expresses a mutant TLR4, and which can detect a signal from TLR4 with expression of a reporter gene as an index.

Abstract: An agent for suppressing the production of various cytokines (IL-8 and the like) and inflammatory mediators, an agent for suppressing the expression of COX-II and the like, or an inhibitor of various phosphorylation enzymes (ATF2 and the like), which contains a TLR signaling inhibitory substance, preferably a compound represented by the formula (I) or the formula (II) wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of severe sepsis, which contains a compound represented by the formula (I): or, the formula (II): or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, a TLR signal inhibitor containing a non-peptide compound and an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of organ dysfunction and the like, which contains a TLR signal inhibitory substance.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of screening for a drug for the prophylaxis or treatment of at least one disease selected from the group consisting of cardiac disease, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, central nervous system disease, infectious disease, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock, which includes selecting a substance that binds to an intracellular region of TLR4, and inhibits signal transduction from said molecule, and a kit for this method, which contains (1) a cell that expresses wild-type TLR4 and (2) a cell that expresses a mutant TLR4, and which can detect a signal from TLR4 with expression of a reporter gene as an index.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of complications after coronary-artery bypass surgery or cardiac diseases, autoimmune diseases, central nervous system diseases, inflammatory diseases, sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock in a patient who undergoes coronary-artery bypass surgery, which comprises a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a compound represented by the formula (II): wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, and an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of sepsis and the like, as well as complications after coronary-artery bypass surgery, which is prepared for administration of ethyl (6R)-6-[(2-chloro-4-fluoroanilino)sulfonyl]-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof in a specific dose at a specific administration time.

Abstract: An agent for suppressing the production of various cytokines (IL-8 and the like) and inflammatory mediators, an agent for suppressing the expression of COX-II and the like, or an inhibitor of various phosphorylation enzymes (ATF2 and the like), which contains a TLR signaling inhibitory substance, preferably a compound represented by the formula (I) or the formula (II) wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a class of cyclohexene derivatives bearing sulfamoyl and ester groups which have an inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production and cytokine production, and are useful as an agent for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of diseases such as, cardiac disease, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, central nervous system disease, infectious disease, sepsis, and septic shock.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: wherein R1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s), an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s), a heterocyclic group optionally having substituent(s), a group of the formula: OR1a wherein R1a is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s), or a group of the formula: wherein R1b and R1c are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s), X is a methylene group, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, Y is an optionally substituted methylene group or an optionally substituted nitrogen atom, ring A is a 5 to 8-membered ring optionally substituted further by 1 to 4 substituent(s) selected from (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s), (2) an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituent(s), (3) a group of the formula: OR2 wherein R2 is a hydrogen atom, or an aliphatic hydrocarb

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of severe sepsis, which contains a compound represented by the formula (I): or, the formula (II): , or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof, a TLR signal inhibitor containing a non-peptide compound and an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of organ dysfunction and the like, which contains a TLR signal inhibitory substance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical agent containing an anti-sepsis drug (e.g., cycloalkene compound), and at least one kind of drug selected from the group consisting of an antibacterial agent, an antifungal agent, a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, a steroid and an anticoagulant in combination.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula: wherein R represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituents, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituents, a heterocyclic group optionally having substituents, a group represented by the formula: OR1 (wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituents) or a group represented by the formula: wherein R1b represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituents, R1c is, same with or different from R1b, a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituents, R0 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or R and R0 represents a bond with each other, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having substituents, and n is an integer of 1 to 4, or a salt thereof, which is a agent for preventing or treating disease