Abstract: A toner contains toner base particles, each containing a binder resin, a release agent, and a charge control agent, and an external additive, wherein the toner base particles have an average circularity of from 0.850 to 0.950, and the external additive contains at least an inorganic particle selected from the group consisting of barium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium oxide, each having an average circularity of from 350 to 1,000 nm.

Abstract: A toner is provided that comprises an amorphous polyester resin, a wax, and an external additive, in which the external additive comprises a partially-metal-hydroxide-coated silica that is a silica partially coated with a metal hydroxide, and the partially-metal-hydroxide-coated silica has a hydrophobicity degree of 55 (MeOH %) or more.

Abstract: A toner is provided that contains a mother toner particle containing a binder resin, a release agent, and a charge control agent and an external additive containing a hydrophobized polymethylsilsesquioxane particle, wherein the toner has a glass transition temperature of from 48 to 60 degrees C., and the temperature of 1.0 g of the toner is from 54 to 65 degrees C. when the 1.0 g of the toner is pushed in 0.1 mm by the piston of a flow tester in heating the 1.0 g of the toner from 40 degrees C. at a temperature rising speed of 3 degrees C. per minute under a load of 22.5 kgf.

Abstract: A toner contains mother toner particles each containing a binder resin, a releasing agent, and a charge control agent and an external additive containing hydrophobized polymethylsilsesquioxane particles with an average particle diameter of from 0.050 to 0.150 ?m, wherein the mother toner particles have an average circularity of 0.95 or less.

Abstract: A toner includes: a crystalline polyester resin; and a partially hydrogenated petroleum resin. A hydrogenation rate of the partially hydrogenated petroleum resin is from 30% through 70%. An amount of the partially hydrogenated petroleum resin relative to the toner is from 1% by mass through 15% by mass.

Abstract: A toner including a non-crystalline polyester resin, a crystalline polyester resin, a hydrocarbon wax, and an aromatic petroleum resin is provided. A mass ratio of the aromatic petroleum resin to the hydrocarbon wax is 1.0 or more. The non-crystalline polyester resin contains diol components, and the diol components include an alkylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A and ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A toner includes a release agent. The release agent includes a hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms. A content of the hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms, in the release agent, is 1000 ppm or more in terms of toluene, as determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The hydrocarbon compound having 2 or more and 16 or less carbon atoms includes a hydrocarbon compound having a retention time of 7 minutes or more and less than 8 minutes determined by the gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a support; a charge-transporting layer including a charge-transporting material, or a sensitizing-dye electrode layer including a sensitizing dye, where the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer is disposed on or above the support; and a metal oxide layer disposed on or above the charge-transporting layer or the sensitizing-dye electrode layer. The metal oxide layer includes p-type semiconductor metal oxide and silica or metal oxide particles, and an amount of the silica or metal oxide particles included in the metal oxide layer is 0.5% by mass or greater but 1.5% by mass or less, relative to the metal oxide layer.

Abstract: A toner comprising base particles and external additive particles covering the base particles is provided. The base particles comprise a binder resin and a colorant. The external additive particles comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing aluminum hydroxide, fluorine-containing boehmite, and fluorine-containing pseudoboehmite.

Abstract: A toner is provided which includes: a toner base particle including a binder resin; and an external additive including inorganic particles. A particle size distribution of primary particles of the inorganic particles has a plurality of peaks in the range of from 5 nm through 50 nm. The particle size distribution of the primary particles satisfies all of expressions (1) to (3) below: n1d>n2d??(1); 10<(n1d+n2d)??(2); and 30?{(n2h/n1h)×100}<100??(3), where n1d is a particle diameter (nm) at a peak n1 which is the highest peak among the plurality of peaks and n2d is a particle diameter (nm) of a peak n2 which is the second highest peak among the plurality of peaks, and n1h is a height of the peak n1 and n2h is a height of the peak n2.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including a binder resin, a release agent, and a charge-controlling agent, wherein the toner includes toner particles having particle diameters of 3 micrometers or smaller, among the toner particles having particle diameters of 3 micrometers or smaller, a proportion of the toner particles having an average circularity of 0.70 or greater but 0.85 or less in all of the toner particles is 10% by number or greater but less than 20% by number and a proportion of the toner particles having an average circularity of less than 0.70 in all of the toner particles is 10% by number or less.

Abstract: A toner comprising base particles and external additive particles covering the base particles is provided. The base particles comprise a binder resin and a colorant. The external additive particles comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of fluorine-containing aluminum hydroxide, fluorine-containing boehmite, and fluorine-containing pseudoboehmite.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including inorganic particles, wherein the inorganic particles include silica and at least one selected from the group consisting of boehmite and pseudoboehmite.

Abstract: A toner is provided which includes: a toner base particle including a binder resin; and an external additive including inorganic particles. A particle size distribution of primary particles of the inorganic particles has a plurality of peaks in the range of from 5 nm through 50 nm. The particle size distribution of the primary particles satisfies all of expressions (1) to (3) below: n1d>n2d ??(1); 10<(n1d+n2d) ??(2); and 30{(n2h/n1h)×100}<100 ??(3), where n1d is a particle diameter (nm) at a peak n1 which is the highest peak among the plurality of peaks and n2d is a particle diameter (nm) of a peak n2 which is the second highest peak among the plurality of peaks, and n1h is a height of the peak n1 and n2h is a height of the peak n2.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including a binder resin, and a charge-controlling agent, wherein a volume average particle diameter X of the toner after a stress treatment satisfies Formula (1), and an amount Y of fine toner particles having particle diameters of 3 micrometers or smaller and circularity of 0.70 or less satisfies Formula (2).

Abstract: Provided is a toner including a binder resin, and a charge-controlling agent, wherein a volume average particle diameter X of the toner after a stress treatment satisfies Formula (1), and an amount Y of fine toner particles having particle diameters of 3 micrometers or smaller and circularity of 0.70 or less satisfies Formula (2).

Abstract: In a data diode device that includes a transmitting device, a one-way transmission path and a receiving device, in order to reduce packet loss that occurs when a receiving side is put in an overload state, the transmitting device includes a network load prediction function unit that predicts a network load of a receiving side network from the amount of communication of data sent from a transmitting side network, and a data control unit that discards IP packets of data sent from the transmitting side network when the network load predicted by the network load prediction function unit is determined to be higher than a predetermined value, so as to limit the amount of communication from the transmitting device.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner comprises a binder resin, a metal-containing azo dye, and a quaternary ammonium salt, has an average circularity of from 0.85 to 0.95, and is free of a tin compound having Sn—C bond.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including a binder resin, a release agent, and a charge-controlling agent, wherein the toner includes toner particles having particle diameters of 3 micrometers or smaller, among the toner particles having particle diameters of 3 micrometers or smaller, a proportion of the toner particles having an average circularity of 0.70 or greater but 0.85 or less in all of the toner particles is 10% by number or greater but less than 20% by number and a proportion of the toner particles having an average circularity of less than 0.70 in all of the toner particles is 10% by number or less.