Abstract: A fuel pump includes a pump housing having a compression chamber. A plunger is axially movable in the pump housing for pressurizing fuel in the compression chamber. A discharge valve is configured to open to supply fuel from the compression chamber to an internal combustion engine when pressure in the compression chamber is more than predetermined pressure. A fuel passage is configured to communicate a downstream of the discharge valve with an upstream of the discharge valve. An in-passage member is accommodated in the fuel passage. The in-passage member includes multiple members, which are combined to define a throttle portion for restricting fuel, which returns from the downstream of the discharge valve to the upstream of the discharge valve.

Abstract: A valve member of a pressure relief valve has a shaft portion, a pressure receiving portion, and a guide portion, wherein the valve member is axially movable in a fuel return passage. When a forward end of the shaft portion is seated on a valve seta, the fuel return passage is closed, while the shaft portion is separated from the valve seat the fuel return passage is opened. A notched portion is formed at an outer wall of the guide portion to thereby form an outer-surface passage. A fuel inlet port is formed in the valve member for communicating a fuel inlet chamber to the fuel return passage at a downstream side of the valve member.

Abstract: A method specifies a group of segmented functions of a plurality of segmented functions obtained by dividing a function of a module to be generated. The specified segmented functions commonalize a structural component of the module. The method classifies the input instructions into a select-input instruction non-inputted depending on an environment and a basic input instruction except for the select-input instruction. The method eliminates a combination of segmented functions in the group, the combination of the segmented functions corresponding to a combination of only the select input instruction non-inputted to the module. The method generates a combination component shared by a combination of the remaining segmented functions in the group, and generates a single component implementing a segmented function unclassified into the group. The method generates the module by linking the combination component and the single component with each other.

Abstract: A communication network system has a host network and low-ranking networks connected with the host network through respective interchange terminals. Terminals containing the interchange terminals in the host network perform communication based on FlexRay. FlexRay sets a static segment and a dynamic segment every communication period. Communication zones are fixedly allocated to the respective terminals in each static segment. Communication zones are changeably allocated to the respective terminals in each dynamic segment. Terminals of each low-ranking network perform communication based on LIN or CAN protocol. The interchange terminals connect a transmission line of the host network with transmission lines of the low-ranking networks during the transmission period of each dynamic segment, so that each terminal of each low-ranking network can perform communication based on LIN or CAN protocol with the terminals of the other low-ranking networks through the high-ranking network without any protocol conversion.

Abstract: It is addressed to provide a hydraulic control valve for preventing high-speed rotation of a valve body of a check valve incorporated in the hydraulic control valve of a type that pressure oil is supplied from a tandem path and a parallel path via the check valve. A check valve unit (CH) is constituted by a main unit (6) and a valve body (4a) of a first check valve (4). A throttle (3) is provided on a right side of an O-ring groove (6a). On a main unit side, there is formed a cylindrical housing portion (6h) in which a threaded portion (d) is formed on an outer peripheral portion for fixation to a casing of the hydraulic control valve. On an inner peripheral surface of the housing portion, a groove (8) is formed in an axial direction. Meanwhile, the valve body of the first check valve (4) has a rib (7). At a time of assembly, the rib (7) is inserted into the groove (8) of the main unit as indicated by an arrow.

Abstract: A procedure of positioning a treatment part at various sites on an organ is facilitated, and the positioning thereof can be stably maintained for treatment with accurate positioning. A treatment instrument includes a rigid rod-shaped insertion section having a treatment part at a distal end thereof and a manipulating section secured to a proximal end of the insertion section and gripped and manipulated by an operator. The insertion section includes a main body extending in a straight line, a first curved portion disposed at a distal end of the main body and curved in one direction with respect to the main body, and a second curved portion disposed on a distal side of the first curved portion and curved in a direction opposite to the direction in which the first curved portion is curved. The treatment part is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the main body.

Abstract: In a device installed in a vehicle for monitoring a target section in the vehicle, an executing unit executes a specific process for addressing an abnormality in the target section, and an instructing unit instructs the executing unit to execute the specific process when an abnormality occurs in the target section. A determining unit determines when the specific process is required to be checked. A checking unit instructs the executing unit to execute the specific process independently of whether an abnormality occurs in the target section each time it is determined that the specific process is required to be checked, thus checking whether an abnormality occurs in the specific process.

Abstract: A pressure control valve is provided in a fuel return pipe connected between a high pressure fuel pipe and a fuel pressurizing chamber of a high pressure pump. A pressure relief valve is opened when fuel pressure in a fuel delivery pipe is higher than a first pressure. A first valve body of the pressure relief valve is brought into contact with a stopper so that a movement of the first valve body is limited. A pressure holding valve, which is provided in an inside of the first valve body, is opened when the fuel pressure in the fuel delivery pipe is larger than a second pressure. When the pressure relief valve is opened and the first valve body crashes into the stopper, a lifting amount of a second valve body of the pressure holding valve is increased by inertia of the second valve body, so that extraneous material attached to the second valve body can be removed.

Abstract: A fuel gallery has an inlet opening through which a fuel is introduced therein and a suction opening through which the fuel flows between the fuel gallery and a compression chamber. A pulsation damper is supported in the fuel gallery by a first and a second supporting member. The second supporting member defines an inner fuel chamber and outer fuel chamber which communicates with each other through apertures. The suction opening is located at a side wall of the fuel gallery and the inlet opening is located at a bottom wall of the inner fuel chamber which is defined radially inside of the second supporting member. The fuel discharged into the outer fuel chamber through the suction opening is introduced into the inner fuel chamber through the apertures. A flow velocity of the fuel is decreased and a pressure pulsation reduction effect of the pulsation damper is surely achieved.

Abstract: It is an object to provide an endoscopic heart surgery method with which it is possible to observe an endoscopic image with a stable field of view in the pericardial space. Provided is an endoscopic heart surgery method including an inserting step of inserting an inserted portion of an endoscope into a body from the subxiphoid area and inserting the inserted portion into the pericardial space by penetrating the pericardium in the vicinity of the heart apex; a moving step of advancing the inserted portion toward the base of the heart so that the inserted portion passes through the vicinity of the roof of the pericardial space and is moved toward the heart apex to a treated area in the pericardial space; and an observing step of observing the treated area with the endoscope.

Abstract: It is an object to provide an endoscopic heart surgery method with which it is possible to observe an endoscopic image with a stable field of view in the pericardial space. Provided is an endoscopic heart surgery method including an inserting step of inserting an inserted portion of an endoscope into a body from the subxiphoid area and inserting the inserted portion into the pericardial space by penetrating the pericardium in the vicinity of the heart apex; a moving step of advancing the inserted portion toward the base of the heart so that the inserted portion passes through the roof of the pericardial space and is moved toward the heart apex to a treated area in the pericardial space; and an observing step of observing the treated area with the endoscope.

Abstract: A lock-up clutch control apparatus for controlling a lock-up clutch (6) provided in a torque converter (5) installed between an engine (3) and a transmission (4), is disclosed. The lock-up clutch control apparatus has a differential pressure generator (7,8) which engages, causes a slip of or disengages the lock-up clutch by adjusting the differential pressure supplied to the lock-up clutch (6); a sensor (11/15) for detecting a rotational speed of the engine; a sensor (16) for detecting an input rotational speed to the transmission; and a controller (1). The controller (1) conducts proportional integration control by using a command signal to the differential pressure generator (7,8), so that an actual slip rotational speed, which is the difference between the engine rotational speed (Np) and input rotational speed (Ni) to the transmission, becomes a target slip rotational speed (Nt).

Abstract: In order to realize a method of forming a rotor core that improves the productivity and enhances the product accuracy, a forming method of a rotor that is equipped with both permanent-magnet fastener on the inner perimetric end of the magnetic pole claw of the rotor core and tapered surface on the outer perimetric end on one end of the magnetic pole claw in the circumferential direction. By constraining the inner perimetric surface of the magnetic pole claw by a die and applying a forming pressure in the radial direction, the tapered surface on the outer perimetric end of the magnetic pole claw and permanent-magnet fastener on the inner perimetric end can be formed at the same time and a rotor core with high product accuracy and mass-productivity is realized.

Abstract: A housing has a compression chamber and a first passage, through which the compression chamber communicates with an accumulation chamber. A discharge valve is provided in the first passage and configured to open to supply fuel from the compression chamber to the accumulation chamber in response to increase in pressure in the compression chamber. A second passage is configured to communicate the accumulation chamber with the compression chamber via the discharge valve. A valve element allows fuel flow from the accumulation chamber to the compression chamber. A biasing unit biases the valve element to seat the valve element on a valve seat of the second passage. The sidewall of the valve element and the inner wall defining the second passage therebetween define a throttle midway through the second passage for restricting fuel flow from the accumulation chamber to the compression chamber.

Abstract: A composite ceramic body with increased strength is disclosed. The composite ceramic body, composed of a matrix of alumina particles with a mean particle diameter ranging from 0.7 to 1.8 ?m and nano-zirconia particles with a particle diameter of 0.15 ?m or less, wherein the alumina particles and the nano-zirconia particles fall in a respective weight percentage ratio ranging from 80:20 to 95:5 with a relative density of 93% or more and wherein in a cross section, a total sum of surface areas of pores, having cross-sectional areas equal to or greater than surface areas of circles having the same diameters as a mean particle diameter of the alumina particles, falls in a value of 2.2% or less based on a whole of the cross-sectional areas.

Abstract: An object of this invention is to provide a charged particle beam apparatus that is capable of handling samples without adhering impurities onto the samples. In a scanning electron microscope in which a lubricant was coated on a sliding portion of a movable member that moves inside a vacuum chamber, a substance from which low molecular components were removed is used as the lubricant. It is thus possible to inhibit sample contamination and suppress the occurrence of defects in a process following measurement of the samples.

Abstract: A D-aminoacylase having a high substrate specificity is provided. This D-aminoacylase can produce D-amino acids from N-acetyl-D,L-amino acids conveniently and efficiently at a low cost. A D-aminoacylase produced by a microorganism of genus Defluvibacter; which acts on a N-acetyl-D-amino acid; which has a molecular weight (as determined by electrophoresis) of about 55,000 daltons, and an isoelectric point (as determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis for denatured system) of 5.3; which acts on N-acetyl-D-valine, N-acetyl-D-leucine, and the like, but not on N-acetyl-L-valine, N-acetyl-L-leucine, and the like; which has an optimal temperature of 37° C. (pH 8) and an optimal pH value of 8 to 8.5 at 37° C.; and whose activity is inhibited by Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ each at 1 mmol/L, and by dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, o-phenanthroline, and L-cysteine each at 5 mmol/L.

Abstract: A printer includes a use status computation section which collects statistics of a use status of an analyzed print job and computes a use frequency and an execution interval of a language translation program based on a result of the statistics, and a resident mode switching section which causes a language translation program with a highest use frequency to initially stay resident in a memory and further causing a language translation program with a high use frequency and a long execution interval to stay resident next to the language translation program with the highest use frequency in the memory.

Abstract: A housing has a compression chamber and a first passage, through which the compression chamber communicates with an accumulation chamber. A discharge valve is provided in the first passage and configured to open to supply fuel from the compression chamber to the accumulation chamber in response to increase in pressure in the compression chamber. A second passage is configured to communicate the accumulation chamber with the compression chamber via the discharge valve. A valve element allows fuel flow from the accumulation chamber to the compression chamber. A biasing unit biases the valve element to seat the valve element on a valve seat of the second passage. The sidewall of the valve element and the inner wall defining the second passage therebetween define a throttle midway through the second passage for restricting fuel flow from the accumulation chamber to the compression chamber.

Abstract: To enable precise measurement of a cellular thickness distribution regardless of changes in the refractive index of a culture solution with the progress of culture. There is provides a culture vessel made of a transparent material with a culture surface capable of culturing cells in an adhesive manner on the bottom face, wherein a reference substance having an already known refractive index and an already known thickness dimension is fixed to a part of the culture surface.