Abstract: A temperature sensor that sufficiently has heat insulation property and the pressing force to a temperature measurement object to a degree allowing a ceramic paper to be substituted, and that has a good responsiveness, and a temperature detection device and an image formation device that include the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is disposed so as to maintain an abutting state with a temperature measurement object, the temperature sensor including: a thermosensitive element configured to detect the temperature of the temperature measurement object; a heat collection member configured to pressurize the temperature measurement object and to be thermally coupled with the thermosensitive element; and a holding member supporting the heat collection member and forming a space that faces the heat collection member.

Abstract: A magnetic card reader apparatus includes a convey unit, a sensor, a buffer, a reading unit, a detection unit, and a calculation unit. The convey unit conveys an inserted prepaid card at a predetermined speed, and the prepaid card has a punch hole formed at a position corresponding to balance information. The sensor samples the punch hole of the prepaid card during conveying of the prepaid card at a predetermined time interval from a leading end side of the prepaid card. The buffer stores sampling data output from the sensor. The reading unit sequentially reads out the sampling data stored in the buffer from sampling data corresponding to a trailing end portion of the prepaid card. The detection unit detects data first representing a punch hole from the sampling data read out from the buffer. The calculation unit calculates a position of the punch hole on the basis of a detection output from the detection unit to detect the balance information of the prepaid card.

Abstract: A card reader maintenance system includes a card reader and a maintenance apparatus.