Abstract: The stability of a step of processing a wiring formed using copper, aluminum, gold, silver, molybdenum, or the like is increased. Moreover, the concentration of impurities in a semiconductor film is reduced. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of a semiconductor device are improved. In a transistor including an oxide semiconductor film, an oxide film in contact with the oxide semiconductor film, and a pair of conductive films being in contact with the oxide film and including copper, aluminum, gold, silver, molybdenum, or the like, the oxide film has a plurality of crystal parts and has c-axis alignment in the crystal parts, and the c-axes are aligned in a direction parallel to a normal vector of a top surface of the oxide semiconductor film or the oxide film.

Abstract: A closed subscriber group (CSG) cell allows use of subscribers. To receive the service by the CSG cell, a CSG-ID is notified to a user equipment, but cannot be obtained outside the reach of radio waves from a non-CSG cell. Base stations respectively provided to a CSG cell and a non-CSG cell, and access is made to the CSG cell with the use of a CSG-ID issued when use of the CSG cell is allowed, the base station refers to the notified identification information of a user equipment and then transmits a tracking area update request from the user equipment to a core network. The core network determines whether the user equipment is allowed to use the CSG cell and, if allowed, transmits a signal for assignment of radio resources to the user equipment and the CSG-ID. The user equipment accesses the CSG cell with the CSG-ID.

Abstract: A communication system includes a base station and a communication terminal connected to the base station. The base station transmits a result of reception of an uplink positioning signal transmitted by the communication terminal and location information of the base station to a positioning device that is a device having a positioning function of deriving a location of the communication terminal, and the communication terminal transmits a result of reception of a downlink positioning signal transmitted by the base station to the positioning device.

Abstract: A signal is transmitted and received between a base station device and a communication terminal device that are included in a communication system, through a multi-element antenna including a plurality of antenna elements. At least one of the base station device and the communication terminal device includes a PHY processing unit that is a calibration unit that performs calibration of phases and amplitudes of beams formed by the antenna elements when the signal is transmitted and received. The PHY processing unit obtains a correction value for the phases and the amplitudes of the beams in the respective antenna elements so that the phases and the amplitudes of the beams are identical among the antenna elements, and performs the calibration based on the obtained correction value.

Abstract: In a communication system, a plurality of base stations includes an MeNB being a first base station, and a plurality of SeNBs to be connected to the MeNB. At least one of control plane data about control of communication and user plane data about a user is transmitted to and received from a user equipment (UE) via the first base station being the MeNB. The control plane data and the user plane data are contained in information provided by a core network about communication with the UE. The communication system can simplify processing of at least one of control plane data and user plane data when a communication terminal device communicates with a plurality of base station devices.

Abstract: A mobile communication system capable of easily notifying the interference-related information and avoiding interference in a situation in which a macro cell and local nodes are deployed to coexist. In the system, a macro cell (eNB) notifies, via user equipments (UEs) present in a coverage, HeNBs present in the coverage of the interference-related information related to the interference to a physical resource to be used, for example, a high interference indication (HII) and an overload indicator (OI).

Abstract: A narrow-bandwidth terminal device performs radio communication at a bandwidth narrower than a system bandwidth. The narrow-bandwidth terminal device in an idle state camps on a cell, and performs discontinuous reception of a signal transmitted from the cell. The terminal device also determines a reception condition of the signal, for example, whether the signal can be received. When it is determined that the signal cannot be received, the narrow-bandwidth terminal device moves out of a coverage area of the cell while continuing to perform the discontinuous reception. When it is determined that a discontinuous reception timer has been completed, the narrow-bandwidth terminal device continues to perform the discontinuous reception.

Abstract: A base station device is configured to set, for each communication terminal device, a radio format for signals transmitted to and received from the communication terminal device. The radio format is set for each communication terminal device in accordance with, for example, a type of use including a moving speed of the communication terminal device. The base station device may be configured to change the radio format for the communication terminal device based on the information about a change in the environment of a radio communication between the communication terminal device and the base station device and a change including the communication terminal device's location. The signals transmitted and received between the base station device and the communication terminal device include radio formats in which at least one of a length of a symbol of the signal and a length of a cyclic prefix in an OFDM scheme differs.

Abstract: A communication system includes a communication terminal, and a plurality of networks configured to perform radio communication with the communication terminal. A priority of at least one of a paging timing and a paging type is assigned to a paging to be transmitted from each of the plurality of networks. The communication terminal selects a corresponding one of the pagings to be received, based on the priority.

Abstract: In the SL communication, the QoS required for each service is maintained, and the reliability of the service is enhanced. A communication system includes a base station, and a plurality of communication terminals configured to perform communication with the base station and perform Device-to-Device communication. A first communication terminal transmits, to a third communication terminal, a scheduling request for performing the Device-to-Device communication with a second communication terminal. The third communication terminal transmits, to the base station, the scheduling request received from the first communication terminal. In response to the scheduling request received from the third communication terminal, the base station generates scheduling information on the Device-to-Device communication between the first communication terminal and the second communication terminal, and transmits the scheduling information to the third communication terminal.

Abstract: When being connected to a macro cell (S-MeNB) and a small cell (SeNB), a user equipment device performs a pre-handover process of disconnecting the connection with the SeNB before a handover process of switching a macro cell connected with the UE from the macro cell (S-MeNB) that is a moving source to a macro cell (T-MeNB) that is a moving destination along with moving of the UE, and after the handover process, performs a post-handover process of reestablishing the connection with the SeNB.

Abstract: Provided is a communication system capable of suppressing decrease in a transmission rate. An eNB communicates with a UE using a self-contained subframe. The self-contained subframe includes a downlink signal to be transmitted from the eNB to the UE, and an uplink signal to be transmitted from the UE to the eNB in response to the downlink signal. The uplink signal has a structure including an uplink control signal indicating information for controlling transmission of the uplink signal, and uplink user data to be transmitted before and after the uplink control signal. The eNB notifies the UE of a structure of the uplink signal. The eNB may predetermine scheduling for retransmission to retransmit the downlink signal, before performing initial transmission of the downlink signal.

Abstract: A technology that enables prompt NW connection is provided. A communication system includes: a communication terminal; and a plurality of networks configured to perform radio communication with the communication terminal. The communication terminal determines whether or not there is paging causing collision among a plurality of pagings respectively transmitted to the communication terminal from the plurality of networks. When the communication terminal detects the collision of the paging, the communication terminal notifies at least one of the plurality of networks that transmits the paging causing the collision of the paging about the collision of the paging.

Abstract: A closed subscriber group (CSG) cell is a cell that allows use of subscribers. In order to receive the service by the CSG cell, a CSG-ID is required to be notified to a user equipment, which cannot be obtained in a situation outside the reach of radio waves from a non-CSG cell. In a mobile communication system including base stations respectively provided to a CSG cell and a non-CSG cell in which access is made to the CSG cell with the use of a CSG-ID issued in a case where use of the CSG cell is allowed, the base station provided in the CSG cell refers to the notified identification information of a user equipment and then transmits a tracking area update request from the user equipment to a core network, and the core network determines whether the user equipment is allowed to use the CSG cell and, in the case where the use is allowed, transmits a signal for allowing assignment of radio resources to the user equipment and the CSG-ID. The user equipment accesses the CSG cell with the use of the CSG-ID.

Abstract: In a communication system, a plurality of base stations includes an MeNB being a first base station, and a plurality of SeNBs to be connected to the MeNB. At least one of control plane data about control of communication and user plane data about a user is transmitted to and received from a user equipment (UE) via the first base station being the MeNB. The control plane data and the user plane data are contained in information provided by a core network about communication with the UE. The communication system can simplify processing of at least one of control plane data and user plane data when a communication terminal device communicates with a plurality of base station devices.

Abstract: A closed subscriber group (CSG) cell is a cell that allows use of subscribers. In order to receive the service by the CSG cell, a CSG-ID is required to be notified to a user equipment, which cannot be obtained in a situation outside the reach of radio waves from a non-CSG cell. In a mobile communication system including base stations respectively provided to a CSG cell and a non-CSG cell in which access is made to the CSG cell with the use of a CSG-ID issued in a case where use of the CSG cell is allowed, the base station provided in the CSG cell refers to the notified identification information of a user equipment and then transmits a tracking area update request from the user equipment to a core network, and the core network determines whether the user equipment is allowed to use the CSG cell and, in the case where the use is allowed, transmits a signal for allowing assignment of radio resources to the user equipment and the CSG-ID. The user equipment accesses the CSG cell with the use of the CSG-ID.

Abstract: In a communication system, a plurality of base stations includes an MeNB being a first base station, and a plurality of SeNBs to be connected to the MeNB. At least one of control plane data about control of communication and user plane data about a user is transmitted to and received from a user equipment (UE) via the first base station being the MeNB. The control plane data and the user plane data are contained in information provided by a core network about communication with the UE. The communication system can simplify processing of at least one of control plane data and user plane data when a communication terminal device communicates with a plurality of base station devices.

Abstract: Provided is a technology capable of securing communication quality without providing an additional function such as phase correction. A base station device and a communication terminal device when operating as a transmitting device rotate inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) output, and copy a last portion of the rotated IFFT output to a head of the rotated IFFT output as a cyclic prefix (CP) to thereby generate a transmission signal so that there is no phase rotation at a head of a demodulation reception window set in a receiving device.

Abstract: A radiation detector (5) is configured such that weighting of detection signals of photodetectors (52) on an end portion side of the plurality of photodetectors (52) is set to be greater than weighting of detection signals of photodetectors (52) on a central portion side of the plurality of photodetectors (52).

Abstract: Provided is a technology capable of securing communication quality without providing an additional function such as phase correction. A base station device and a communication terminal device when operating as a transmitting device rotate inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) output, and copy a last portion of the rotated IFFT output to a head of the rotated IFFT output as a cyclic prefix (CP) to thereby generate a transmission signal so that there is no phase rotation at a head of a demodulation reception window set in a receiving device.