Abstract: This light emitting device includes a pair of electrodes at least one of which is transparent or translucent, and a phosphor layer that is sandwiched between the electrodes and has a polycrystalline structure made of a first semiconductor material, and in this structure, a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material is segregated on a grain boundary of the polycrystalline structure. The first semiconductor material and the second semiconductor material preferably have semiconductor structures of conduction types that are different from each other. Moreover, the first semiconductor material preferably has an n-type semiconductor structure, and the second semiconductor material preferably has a p-type semiconductor structure. Furthermore, in the case where the first semiconductor material is a zinc-based material containing zinc, at least one of the paired electrodes is preferably made of a material containing zinc.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus for use with a semiconductor laser which outputs a light beam, the optical pickup apparatus has; a diffraction grating for diffracting the light beam into diffracted light; a collimator lens for rendering the diffracted light diffracted by the diffraction grating as a parallel beam; an objective lens for focusing the parallel beam towards an optical information recording medium; a hologram element for diffracting return light reflected from the optical information recording medium; a plurality of light receiving elements for receiving the diffracted light diffracted by the hologram element; and an incidence preventing area placed between the hologram element and the light receiving elements for, in the case where the light beam is focused on the recording surface on a side close to the objective lens out of recording surfaces of multilayer of the optical information recording medium, substantially preventing reflected light from the recording surface on a side remote from the ob

Abstract: The electroluminescent element includes a first electrode, a first dielectric layer formed on the first electrode, a second dielectric layer formed opposed to the first dielectric layer, a second electrode formed on the second dielectric layer, a phosphor layer sandwiched between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer, and a photoelectric conversion layer that generates electron-hole pairs by light from the phosphor layer, the photoelectric conversion layer being sandwiched between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is transparent or translucent.

Abstract: An optical pickup has a semiconductor laser, a diffractive optical element that has first diffraction regions and second diffraction regions and diffracts a beam emitted by the semiconductor laser, an objective lens that focuses the diffracted beam on an optical disc, and a detection unit that detects a tracking error signal using the diffracted beam reflected by the optical disc. When a zero order diffraction beam is focused on the optical disc, a first order diffraction beam is diffracted by the first diffraction regions to be focused at a position between the objective lens and the optical disc, and diffracted by the second diffraction regions to be focused at a position beyond the optical disc. The first order diffraction beam has a beam width that, on the optical disc in a radial direction thereof, is two times or greater a track pitch of the optical disc.

Abstract: An optical pickup device includes a diffraction grating for separating a light beam from a semiconductor laser into at least three light beams. The diffraction grating is partitioned into five areas each having a given periodic structure: a first area; a second area adjacent to the first area in a first direction; a third area adjacent to the first and second areas in a second direction; a fourth area sandwiching the third area with the first area; and a fifth area adjacent to the fourth area in the first direction and sandwiching the third area with the second area. The phase of the periodic structure of each of the first and fifth areas is ahead of that of the third area by substantially 90°. The phase of the periodic structure of each of the second and fourth areas is behind that of the third area by substantially 90°.

Abstract: A fuel cell body has an anode having an anode-side separator with projections and depressions formed on its surface, a cathode, and a membrane electrode assembly disposed between the anode and the cathode, and the fuel cell body is disposed in a container for storing liquid fuel so that at least the anode side is immersed therein. Fuel passageways through which the liquid fuel flows are formed by regions surrounded by the projections and depressions on the surface of the separator and the membrane electrode assembly. By this, the downsized, simplified and lower power consuming structure of auxiliary equipment such as a fuel feed system is achieved.

Abstract: There is provided a display device: a display unit including a plurality of scan electrodes arranged to extend in parallel to each other along a first direction, a plurality of data electrodes arranged to extend in parallel to each other along a second direction crossing the scan electrodes, and a plurality of pixels, each pixel at which a pair of the scan electrode and the data electrode cross each other, each pixel having a light emitting layer and a dielectric layer interposed between the scan electrode and the data electrode from a direction vertical to a face; and an erasing pulse supplying unit operable to supply attenuation voltage pulse, to the light emitting layer of each pixel, which starts at a voltage not more than an emission starting voltage at which the light emitting layer starts emission and in which polarity is alternately reversed between positive and negative.

Abstract: An optical pickup device in which a hologram element has a plurality of different diffraction directions. In the tracking standard state, the hologram element is divided into six areas by a straight line connecting two strength center points of two light beams, and by two straight lines that are perpendicular to the straight line. By adding the amount of light received by an area demarcated by two straight lines that pass the two strength center points, to the amount of light received by one of two outer areas sandwiching the area depending on the type of the light beam, it is possible to obtain a well-balanced tracking error signal for each of the two light beams.

Abstract: A fuel cell body has an anode having an anode-side separator with projections and depressions formed on its surface, a cathode, and a membrane electrode assembly disposed between the anode and the cathode, and the fuel cell body is disposed in a container for storing liquid fuel so that at least the anode side is immersed therein. Fuel passageways through which the liquid fuel flows are formed by regions surrounded by the projections and depressions on the surface of the separator and the membrane electrode assembly. By this, the downsized, simplified and lower power consuming structure of auxiliary equipment such as a fuel feed system is achieved.

Abstract: A light emitting device of the invention includes an electron transporting layer, a hole transporting layer provided mutually facing the electron transporting layer with a distance between the hole transporting layer and the electron transporting layer, a phosphor layer having a layer of a plurality of semiconductor fine particles sandwiched between the electron transporting layer and the hole transporting layer, a first electrode provided facing the electron transporting layer and connected electrically, and a second electrode provided facing the hole transporting layer and connected electrically: in which the semiconductor fine particles composing the phosphor layer have a p-type part and an n-type part inside of the particles and have a pn-junction in the interface of the p-type part and the n-type part and are arranged in a manner that the p type part is partially brought into contact with the hole transporting layer and at the same time, the n type part is partially brought into contact with the electron

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a pair of electrodes, wherein at least one electrode is transparent or semi-transparent, and an phosphor layer provided between the pair of electrodes, wherein the phosphor layer includes a layer having nitride semiconductor particles, and wherein the nitride semiconductor particles have metal nano structures precipitated in grain boundaries between the nitride semiconductor particles.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus including three semiconductor laser devices which emit laser beams of different wavelengths, a beam splitter, a collimator lens, a hologram device, two light receiving devices, a diffraction grating-hologram device, an integrated substrate, a light detection/source unit and diffraction gratings, whereby the three semiconductor laser devices share the beam splitter and the collimator lens.

Abstract: An optical pickup includes a hologram element divided into four regions in a direction parallel to a tracking direction of an optical information recording medium and a direction perpendicular thereto. The hologram element allows two pairs of diffracted lights from two paired regions adjacent in parallel with the tracking direction to be made incident into light receiving elements so as to align in the direction perpendicular to the tracking direction.

Abstract: An optical pickup wherein a main beam and at least two sub-beams are collected on a disc and a tracking error signal is detected from push pull signals generated from each beam. A phase of the push pull signal generated from the first sub-beam is shifted from a phase of the push pull signal generated from the second sub-beam by substantially 180°. A phase difference is given to a part of the first sub-beam (10) and a part of the second sub-beam (11) by a diffraction optical element (2) which generates the first sub-beam (10) and the second sub-beam (11).

Abstract: A load distributing apparatus according to the present invention is directed to a load distributing apparatus for supplying a processing, for which a request was issued from a client terminal, to multiple information processing apparatuses.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device having a phosphor layer including a phosphor material and a pair of electrodes for applying a voltage to the foregoing phosphor layer wherein an acetylacetonato complex salt is included in the phosphor layer to realize an electroluminescent device with high luminance. Further, the EL device realizes an electroluminescent device with higher luminance by constructing the foregoing phosphor layer so as to contain acetylacetonato complex salt, in which ligands coordinate with a trivalent metal atom, particularly a metal atom of Group III or Group XIII as the foregoing acetylacetonato complex salt.

Abstract: An optical pickup device includes a first semiconductor laser device, a second semiconductor laser device, a third semiconductor laser device, a first diffraction grating, a beam splitter, a quarter-wave plate, a collimator lens, a first polarization hologram device, a second polarization hologram device and a third polarization hologram device. The second semiconductor laser device and the third semiconductor laser device are provided in a light source/detection unit together with a second diffraction grating and photo-receiver groups, so as to make the optical pickup device compact.

Abstract: An optical pickup device includes a diffraction grating for separating a light beam from a semiconductor laser into at least three light beams. The diffraction grating is partitioned into five areas each having a given periodic structure: a first area; a second area adjacent to the first area in a first direction; a third area adjacent to the first and second areas in a second direction; a fourth area sandwiching the third area with the first area; and a fifth area adjacent to the fourth area in the first direction and sandwiching the third area with the second area. The phase of the periodic structure of each of the first and fifth areas is ahead of that of the third area by substantially 90°. The phase of the periodic structure of each of the second and fourth areas is behind that of the third area by substantially 90°.

Abstract: A multi-functional remote controller (1) has a multi-functional button (20) consisting of an LCD panel (21), a touch panel (22), a transparent button sheet (23), and mechanical switches (22). The transparent button sheet (23) has a shape with concavities and convexities, and the shape enables a user to recognize the position of each button in the pattern using their sense of touch. When the user presses down the touch panel (22), a mechanical switch (24) is pressed down to give a click sensation.

Abstract: An optical pickup has a semiconductor laser, a diffractive optical element that has first diffraction regions and second diffraction regions and diffracts a beam emitted by the semiconductor laser, an objective lens that focuses the diffracted beam on an optical disc, and a detection unit that detects a tracking error signal using the diffracted beam reflected by the optical disc. When a zero order diffraction beam is focused on the optical disc, a first order diffraction beam is diffracted by the first diffraction regions to be focused at a position between the objective lens and the optical disc, and diffracted by the second diffraction regions to be focused at a position beyond the optical disc. The first order diffraction beam has a beam width that, on the optical disc in a radial direction thereof, is two times or greater a track pitch of the optical disc.