Abstract: An elastic paving material includes a mixture of 90-50% by weight of fibrous rubber chips each having a length of 3-30 mm and a diameter of 0.3-3 mm, and 10-50% by weight of crushed pieces of golf balls having a particle size of 3-50 mesh. A curable liquid binder is added so as to bond the fibrous rubber chips and the crushed pieces of golf balls. Another elastic paving material includes only pieces of golf balls having a particle size of 3-50 mesh, and a curable liquid binder is added thereto so as to bond the pieces of golf balls. The crushed pieces of golf balls have a color different from that of the fibrous rubber chips, consist of particles having various colors, or are colored in advance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing naphthalene or a derivative thereof, which comprises subjecting a benzene derivative having at least one substituted or non-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group and being capable of forming a naphthalene ring to cyclodehydrogenation in the presence of a zirconia catalyst containing chromium in an oxidized state.

Abstract: In a copying machine, an original which has been once exposed to be scanned is inverted and transmitted again to an original table glass, and a sheet having one face onto which an image has been fixed is inverted and then transmitted through a transmitting path to an image forming section, whereby the top and back faces of the original are copied to the top and back faces of the sheet, respectively.

Abstract: A process for producing a lactone by reacting in a hydrogenation reaction zone a dicarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid anhydride and/or a dicarboxylic acid ester with hydrogen in a liquid phase using a solvent in the presence of a catalyst comprising ruthenium and an organic phosphine, which process comprises the following steps (1) to (6):(1) a first step of recovering the liquid phase from the hydrogenation reaction zone,(2) a second step of distilling the liquid phase in a first distillation column to obtain a first distillate and a first residue,(3) a third step of recycling the first residue to the hydrogenation reaction zone,(4) a fourth step of distilling a part of the first residue in a second distillation column to obtain a second distillate and a second residue,(5) a fifth step of recycling the second distillate to the hydrogenation reaction zone or the first distillation column, and(6) a sixth step of recovering a lactone from the first distillate.

Abstract: A process for producing methacrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid ester by oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid and/or isobutyric acid ester, wherein the improvement comprises using a catalyst having the composition represented by(Mo).sub.a (V).sub.b (P).sub.c (Cu).sub.d (As).sub.e (X).sub.f (O).sub.g(where X denotes at least one element selected from the group consisting of lithium, beryllium, magnesium, barium, tin, lead, chromium, tungsten, and tellurium; subscripts a, b, c, d, e, f, and g each denote the ratio of the respective elements; b, c, d, e, and f are in the range of 0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.3, 0.2.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.2, 0.005.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.2, 0.005.ltoreq.e.ltoreq.0.2, and 0.005.ltoreq.f.ltoreq.2, respectively, when a is 12, and the value of g is determined according to the ratio and valence of the other elements), and at least a part of the composition having the heteropoly acid structure.

Abstract: A method for producing a lactam having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, or a straight chain or branched chain alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R.sup.2 is an organic group having at least 2 carbon atoms, and connected at both ends to the cyclic acid imide group, which comprises reducing a cyclic acid imide having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above, or its precursor, with hydrogen by means of a cobalt-based catalyst comprising (a) cobalt and (b) at least one modifier component selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten and rhenium.

Abstract: A process for producing dimethyl ether useful as a propellant by dehydrating methanol and recovering dimethyl ether from the dehydrated product by distillation, which comprises(A) a reaction step wherein the dehydration reaction of methanol is conducted in a vapor phase under pressure of from 2 to 50 kg/cm.sup.2 G in the presence of a solid acid catalyst,(B) a first distillation step wherein the reaction mixture formed by the above reaction step is cooled and introduced into a pressurized distillation column under pressure of at least 5 kg/cm.sup.

Abstract: An oxidation catalyst composition produced by comprising mixing at least one crystalline composite oxide, as the first component, selected from the group consisting of (i) a crystalline composite oxide containing vanadium and phosphorus and showing the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks as identified in the following Table A and (ii) a crystalline composite oxide containing vanadium and phosphorus and showing the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks as identified in the following Table B, an aqueous solution, as the second component, containing vanadium and phosphorus, and silica sol, as the third component, to form an aqueous slurry, spray-drying the slurry, and calcining the solid particles thereby obtained:TABLE A ______________________________________ X-ray diffraction peaks (Anticathode: Cu--K.sub..alpha.) 2.theta. (.+-.0.2.degree.) ______________________________________ 15.7.degree. 19.6.degree. 24.2.degree. 27.1.degree. 28.8.degree. 30.4.degree.

Abstract: A process for preparing an oxidation catalyst composition comprises mixing at least one crystalline composite oxide, as the first component, selected from the group consisting of (i) a crystalline composite oxide containing vanadium and phosphorus and showing the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks as identified in the following Table A and (ii) a crystalline composite oxide containing vanadium and phosphorus and showing the characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks as identified in the following Table B, an aqueous solution, as the second component, containing vanadium and phosphorus, and silica sol, as the third component, to form an aqueous slurry, spray-drying the slurry, and calcining the solid particles thereby obtained:TABLE A ______________________________________ X-ray diffraction peaks (Anticathode: Cu--K.sub..alpha.) 2.theta. (.+-.0.2.degree.) ______________________________________ 15.7.degree. 19.6.degree. 24.2.degree. 27.1.degree. 28.8.degree. 30.4.degree.

Abstract: There is disclosed a catalytic composition represented by the formula:(Mo).sub.a (W).sub.b (Bi).sub.c (Pb).sub.d (Sb).sub.e (A).sub.f (B).sub.g (C).sub.h (P).sub.m (O).sub.nin which A is iron and/or chromium, B is cerium and/or magnesium and C is potassium and/or lithium; and a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, m and n stand for the numbers of atoms for molybdenum, tungsten, bismuth, lead, antimony, A, B, C, phosphorus and oxygen elements respectively, wherein, given that a+b=12,0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.7, 0.4.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.7, 2.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.12,0.1/22.ltoreq.e/a.ltoreq.25/22, 0.05/22.ltoreq.f/a.ltoreq.3/22,0.ltoreq.g/a.ltoreq.2/22, 0.ltoreq.h/a.ltoreq.3/22,0.ltoreq.m/a.ltoreq.7/22, andn is the numbers of oxygen necessary to satisfy the valences of atoms for the individual constituent elements other than oxygen.

Abstract: A substitutional solid-solution type crystalline oxide represented by the general formula:[(V.sub.1-x-y-z Fe.sub.x Cr.sub.y Al.sub.z)O].sub.2 P.sub.2 O.sub.7wherein 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.40, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.40, 0.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.0.40, and 0<x+y+z.ltoreq.0.40, and having the same crystal structure as (VO).sub.2 P.sub.2 O.sub.7, and a precursory substitutional solid-solution type crystalline oxide therefor having a specific crystal structure. The former oxide has high activity and selectivity as a catalyst for vapor phase oxidation, particularly for producing maleic anhydride from a hydrocarbon containing four carbon atoms.

Abstract: Methacrylic acid is produced by oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid in vapor phase in the presence of a lithium salt of a heteropolyacid or a reduced form of the heteropolyacid.

Abstract: Heteropoly-acids suitable for use as a component of a variety of oxidation catalysts are prepared by hydrothermally reacting an aqueous slurry which contains an oxide and/or oxyacid each of molybdenum, vanadium and phosphorus and which may optionally contain an oxide and/or oxyacid of tungsten.

Abstract: Methacrylic acid is manufactured by oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid in vapor phase in the presence of a supported catalyst containing a heteropolyacid and/or a reduced form of the heteropolyacid. A highly siliceous material having a high water absorbability is used as a carrier for the catalyst to improve the conversion rate and selectivity as well as the catalyst durability.

Abstract: A methacrylate is prepared by reacting methacrylic acid and an alcohol in vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is a solid acid catalyst of silica-titania obtained by coprecipitating the same from an aqueous solution of a silicon and a titanium compound.

Abstract: A carboxylic ester is prepared by reacting a hydrocarbon selected from monoolefins having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, benzene, toluene and xylene with an aliphatic saturated carboxylic acid having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and molecular oxygen in the vapor phase in the presence of a supported solid catalyst of palladium metal, an antimony component and a carboxylic acid salt of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, zinc, cadmium, lead or tin, with the improvement comprising: adding said antimony compound to the support of said catalyst by dipping a carrier into an aqueous solution of water-soluble antimony compound selected from the group consisting of antimonic acid, antimonates and antimony complexes of organic acids.

Abstract: A carboxylic ester is prepared by reacting a hydrocarbon selected from monoolefins having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, benzene, toluene and xylene with an aliphatic saturated carboxylic acid having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and molecular oxygen in the vapor phase in the presence of a supported solid catalyst of palladium metal, an antimony component and a carboxylic acid salt of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, zinc, cadmium, lead or tin, with the improvement comprising: adding said antimony compound to the support of said catalyst by dipping a carrier into an aqueous solution of a water-soluble antimony compound selected from the group consisting of antimonic acid, antimonates and antimony complexes of organic acids.