Abstract: A wireless communication device includes a processor. The processor estimates a quality of a received signal that is transmitted from a source device. The processor determines a communication parameter for a next communication transaction based on an evaluation value that indicates a result of subtracting a second value from a first value, the first value being determined based on a coding rate and a data length of a data signal received from the source device, the second value being determined based on the data length, a modulation scheme and a quality of the data signal. The processor reports the communication parameter to the source device.

Abstract: A wireless communication device includes a processor. The processor estimates a quality of a received signal that is transmitted from a source device. The processor determines a communication parameter for a next communication transaction based on an evaluation value that indicates a result of subtracting a second value from a first value, the first value being determined based on a coding rate and a data length of a data signal received from the source device, the second value being determined based on the data length, a modulation scheme and a quality of the data signal. The processor reports the communication parameter to the source device.

Abstract: A system for watermarking an image file selects coefficients using a selection procedure that is kept secret, and assigns the selected coefficients to coefficient pairs. The difference between the coefficients of the pairs is biased by a value that varies, preferably in a pseudo-random manner, and the biased differences are used to generate signature bits that characterize the authentic image at different locations. To detect an unauthorized alteration after the image file has been watermarked, coefficient pairs are selected using the same secret procedure that was originally used to generate the signature bits. The difference between the coefficients of the pairs is then biased and checked against the signature bits. Using a varying bias value permits a tolerance band for reducing false alarms to be used without the risk that would otherwise exist that evidence of an attack on the original image might be hidden in the tolerance band.

Abstract: A system for watermarking an image file selects coefficients using a selection procedure that is kept secret, and assigns the selected coefficients to coefficient pairs. The difference between the coefficients of the pairs is then used to generate multi-bit raw signature values that characterize the authentic image at different locations. To detect an unauthorized alteration after the image file has been watermarked, coefficient pairs are selected using the same secret procedure that was originally used to generate the raw signature values. The difference between the coefficients of the pairs is then checked against the raw signature values derived from the original image file. The raw signature values derived from the authentic image file may be placed in the header of the file or in a separate file. Alternatively, they may be embedded in host coefficients that are selected in accordance with a procedure that is kept secret.

Abstract: In a method of coding an electronic text document, the length of a space preceding a word in a line of text data of an electronic document relative to the length of a space following the word is modulated with the value of a bit of signature data. The signature data are thus embedded into the text data of the electronic document, not being easily discernible to illicit readers.