Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal device including a first substrate and a second substrate opposing each other, a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed on the first substrate in a matrix, drive voltages having opposite polarities with respect to a reference voltage being applied to adjacent pixels, a common electrode disposed on the second substrate, and an electro-optical substance disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The device can also include a second alignment layer disposed on the second substrate and subjected to a uniform alignment operation, a first alignment layer formed of an alignment material on the first substrate subjected to alignment operations so that the alignment operation at strip areas and the alignment operation at areas other than the strip areas are different.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal device including a first substrate and a second substrate opposing each other, a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed on the first substrate in a matrix, drive voltages having opposite polarities with respect to a reference voltage being applied to adjacent pixels, a common electrode disposed on the second substrate, and an electro-optical substance disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The device can also include a second alignment layer disposed on the second substrate and subjected to a uniform alignment operation, a first alignment layer formed of an alignment material on the first substrate subjected to alignment operations so that the alignment operation at strip areas and the alignment operation at areas other than the strip areas are different.

Abstract: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display element for use in an electronic apparatus wherein the display element operates in a PDLC mode or reverse PDLC mode providing for reduction of visual display haze, improved display contrast. The particular medium includes a liquid crystal portion and a polymer portion and may include a chiral component. In cases where visual display haze and contract is a particular problem in the utility of the reverse PDLC display element, such as in the case where the display element is combined with a solar battery, a sufficient amount of dichroic dye is added to the liquid crystal portion of the medium, and, further, a compound showing no fluorescence emission with respect to a liquid crystal portion, or a polymer or a chiral polymer precursor portion of the medium, is employed.

Abstract: On the substrate (108) are made reflecting type picture element electrodes (107), of Cr, and on substrate 101 are made transference picture element electrodes (102), of ITO. On both substrates (108, 101) parallel alignment films (106, 103), consisting of polyimide alignment films, are each made, but rubbing treatment is not administered. Between the substrates (108. 101) polymer dispersion liquid crystal, in which liquid crystal (105) and polymer (104) are in a state of mutual orientation dispersion, is placed. Liquid crystal (105) is parallel oriented randomly near the substrate surfaces, and twisted approximately 90.degree. between the substrates (101, 108). Also, the orientation domains from the liquid crystal random orientation are evenly multidomained at the level of approximately 1-3 .mu.m. Because they are randomly oriented in this way, directivity of scatter is improved, and operation voltage is decreased.

Abstract: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display element for use in an electronic apparatus wherein the display element operates in a PDLC mode or reverse PDLC mode providing for reduction of visual display haze, improved display contrast. The particular medium includes a liquid crystal portion and a polymer portion and may include a chiral component. In cases where visual display haze and contract is a particular problem in the utility of the reverse PDLC display element, such as in the case where the display element is combined with a solar battery, a sufficient amount of dichroic dye is added to the liquid crystal portion of the medium, and, further, a compound showing no fluorescence emission with respect to a liquid crystal portion, or a polymer or a chiral polymer precursor portion of the medium, is employed.

Abstract: Liquid crystal composite materials containing organic compounds enable the lowering of the drive voltage of liquid crystal display devices and of liquid crystal display devices of a polymer-dispersion type. The liquid crystal composite materials can be used in liquid crystal display devices and PDLC devices with a scattering layer having a liquid crystal and a polymer between the electrodes. A ter phenyl derivative can also favorably be used in the liquid crystal composite materials and in the liquid crystal display devices.

Abstract: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal display device includes a top substrate and a bottom substrate. First electrodes are provided on the top substrate and second electrodes are provided on the bottom substrate. Orientation are provided on the top and the bottom substrates. The orientation films are respectively rubbed in predetermined directions. A polymer material, a liquid crystal material and a predetermined amount of a chiral agent are interposed between the top and bottom substrates. The polymer material is separated from the liquid crystal material through irradiation by ultraviolet rays. The liquid crystal material and polymer material have a mutually orientated and dispersed structure. The liquid crystal material has a predetermined twisting angle in a predetermined twist direction. As a result, light is scattered when substantially normal to the liquid crystal display device and the surface of the top substrate.

Abstract: Reflective pixels composed of chromium are formed on a substrate and a polyimide film is provided on the substrate. Rubbing in two directions is conducted through a mask rubbing process. Transparent pixel electrodes, composed of indium tin oxide (ITO), are formed on a substrate, a polyimide film is formed on another substrate, and orientation processing is conducted in the same direction over the entire surface. A polymer dispersion liquid crystal is provided between these two substrates. The liquid crystal does not contain a chiral agent. The liquid crystal is divided into a left twist area having a left twist orientation state and a right twist area having a right twist orientation state. Between the substrates, the polymer and the liquid crystal are mutually orientation dispersed.

Abstract: A polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display element for use in an electronic apparatus wherein the display element operates in a PDLC mode or reverse PDLC mode providing for reduction of visual display haze, improved display contrast. The particular medium includes a liquid crystal portion and a polymer portion and may include a chiral component. In cases where visual display haze and contract is a particular problem in the utility of the reverse PDLC display element, such as in the case where the display element is combined with a solar battery, a sufficient amount of dichroic dye is added to the liquid crystal portion of the medium, and, further, a compound showing no fluorescence emission with respect to a liquid crystal portion, or a polymer or a chiral polymer precursor portion of the medium, is employed.