Abstract: Apparatus for controlling pivotal movement of a pivotal member on a water closet includes a casing mounted on the water closet, a rotor rotatably mounted in the casing and viscous material interposed between the rotor and the casing providing relative rotational resistance between the rotor and the casing. A joint member coaxial with the rotor is provided and a spring clutch is operably disposed between the rotor and the joint member and operable to drive the rotor in one direction when the joint member is rotated in one direction while permitting the joint member to rotate in an opposite direction without driving the rotor member in such opposite direction. A shaft is connected to the pivotal member, the shaft being coaxial with the joint member.

Abstract: A projecting device is disclosed which has plural element lens systems arranged in at least two rows in a staggered fashion in two grooved blocks, with one row displaced relative to the adjacent row by a distance equal to half the pitch of the adjacent row. Each lens system is composed of at least one bar lens for imaging a part of the object as a part of the corresponding image. An opaque elastomer material fills the space between the rows for preventing light from entering into the space while allowing the positional relation between the rows to be fine-adjusted.

Abstract: This specification discloses a projection device in which bar lenses of plastic, each having a great length in the direction of its optical axis as compared with its effective diameter, of the lenses are arranged in the form of a predetermined array. The bar lenses are shielded from the outside atmosphere by a holding member capable of easily setting the lenses. Further, transparent plates, such as glass plates or the like, are provided at the incidence end and the emergence end to seal the holding member, so that there occurs no deterioration of the predetermined optical performance resulting from variations in the environmental humidity which would otherwise cause variations in the plastic material.

Abstract: A projecting device having an array, in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis, of plural element lens systems each axially provided with two bar lenses of an axial length larger than the effective diameter thereof, characterized by the presence of an intermediate ring positioned between two bar lenses for extracting the effective beam emerging from the first bar lens and entering the second bar lens and providing a determined light intensity distribution on the projection plane.

Abstract: In a slit exposure type copying machine, a projection device basically includes transmission type element lens systems each including a lens having a great length in the direction of the optic axis thereof as compared with the effective diameter thereof. A part area of an original is projected upon a predetermined part area on an image plane and the light intensity distribution of the projected part area has a predetermined central area controlled by lens aperture eclipse and extending diametrically from at least the optic axis and a marginal area lying outwardly of the central area and weak in light intensity. A plurality of such element lens systems are substantially equidistantly arranged in the lengthwise direction of the slit in a plane perpendicular to the optic axis so that the marginal areas in at least the element lens systems are superposed upon one another.

Abstract: This specification discloses a compact projection device in which lens systems extending in the direction of the optic axis for projecting a part area of an object upon a predetermined part area on an image plane (hereinafter referred to as element lens systems) are initially set by a lens holding member having groove portions or hole portions extending in the direction of the optic axis, the distributions of intensity of light of the element lens systems on the image plane are controlled by an aperture eclipse such that the intensity of light is weaker in the marginal area than at least in the central area, a plurality of such element lens systems are arranged in a predetermined direction in a plane perpendicular to the optic axis and the distributions of intensity of light of the element lens systems are suitably superposed upon one another at least in the marginal area to provide uniformity of the distribution of the exposure amount integrated in the scanning direction with respect to the lengthwise direct