Abstract: A photovoltaic apparatus 10 includes: a plurality of photovoltaic elements 11 having transparent conductive oxide layers 18, 19 and generating electrical power by light irradiation; and power collecting members provided on the front and back of each of the photovoltaic elements 11, wherein the power collecting members on the front sides are provided with finger electrodes 27 and a plurality of metallic conductor wires 28, the finger electrodes 27 formed on top of the transparent conductive oxide layers 18 in parallel by gravure offset printing, the thickness of the finger electrodes 27 formed to be 5 ?m or less, the metallic conductor wires 28 orthogonally joined to the finger electrodes 27, and wherein the metallic conductor wires 28 are extended further in one direction and joined to one of the power collecting members provided on the back sides of the adjoining photovoltaic elements 11 to be connected in series.

Abstract: A module for an optical fiber receptacle used in an optical scanning device forming a latent image on a photosensitive body by scanning a laser beam emitted from the optical fiber, the efficiency of light use is improved. The module includes a module holder having a semiconductor laser for generating a laser beam, a lens for condensing the laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser and a lens holder for holding the lens; a flat glass plate arranged on the optical path of the laser beam and fixed in the module holder; an optical fiber fixed onto a surface of the flat glass plate opposite to the surface facing the semiconductor laser through a photo-curing resin. The flat glass plate, the photo-curing resin and the optical fiber are made of materials having approximately equal refractive indexes.

Abstract: In an optical recording apparatus for performing optical recording by guiding a plurality of beams of light from semiconductor lasers into single-mode optical fibers and sweeping the beams of light injected from the optical fibers with a rotary polygonal mirror, a transparent member is closely attached to an end of the optical fibers on a light injecting side.