Abstract: A smoking apparatus is provided. The smoking apparatus includes an organic leafy material receptacle configured to receive organic leafy material for ignition, a chamber connected to the organic leafy material receptacle by a connection tube, the chamber comprising a circulating tube configured to receive smoke from the organic leafy material receptacle via the connection tube, and at least one cooling element contacting the circulating tube, the at least one cooling element selected from the group consisting of electric cooling hardware, magnetic cooling hardware, and anhydrous cooling material contacting the circulating tube, and an inhalation tube connected to the chamber and configured to receive cooled smoke from the circulating tube. A user inhaling from the inhalation tube draws smoke from the organic leafy material receptacle to the circulating tube in the chamber to the inhalation tube and to the user.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a test article provided by a subject for an attribute, such as a medical, industrial, veterinary, agricultural, food, or other attribute, is provided. The design includes providing a cassette comprising at least one ligand selected to match the attribute, applying the test article provided by the patient to the at least one ligand of the cassette, transmitting light energy toward the test article applied to the at least one ligand, sensing optical attributes of light energy provided from the test article applied to the at least one ligand, and providing sensed attributes of the light energy sensed to an electronic device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) comprising a functional group that binds to ?-amyloid deposits and/or neurofibrillary tangles. The present disclosure provides compositions comprising the functionalized MNPs, and methods of using the functionalized MNPs in imaging ?-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) comprising a functional group that binds to ?-amyloid deposits and/or neurofibrillary tangles. The present disclosure provides compositions comprising the functionalized MNPs, and methods of using the functionalized MNPs in imaging ?-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) comprising a functional group that binds to ?-amyloid deposits and/or neurofibrillary tangles. The present disclosure provides compositions comprising the functionalized MNPs, and methods of using the functionalized MNPs in imaging ?-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of generating a conductivity map of an in vivo tissue. The present disclosure provides systems for generating a conductivity map of an in vivo tissue.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of generating a conductivity map of an in vivo tissue. The present disclosure provides systems for generating a conductivity map of an in vivo tissue.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) comprising a functional group that binds to ?-amyloid deposits and/or neurofibrillary tangles. The present disclosure provides compositions comprising the functionalized MNPs, and methods of using the functionalized MNPs in imaging ?-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) comprising a functional group that binds to ?-amyloid deposits and/or neurofibrillary tangles. The present disclosure provides compositions comprising the functionalized MNPs, and methods of using the functionalized MNPs in imaging ?-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of detecting a cancer cell in an individual, methods of grading a cancer, and methods of treating a cancer. The methods involve use of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles that comprise a moiety that provides for selective association with, and/or metabolic uptake into, a cancer cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions comprising 2-deoxyglucose-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The compositions are useful in various applications, which are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions comprising 2-deoxyglucose-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The compositions are useful in various applications, which are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions comprising 2-deoxyglucose-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. The compositions are useful in various applications, which are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of detecting a cancer cell in an individual, methods of grading a cancer, and methods of treating a cancer. The methods involve use of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles that comprise a moiety that provides for selective association with, and/or metabolic uptake into, a cancer cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides functionalized magnetic nanoparticles comprising a functional group, which functionalized magnetic nanoparticles exhibit differential binding to a tissue, indulging brain tissue, bone, and vascular tissues. The present invention further provides compositions, including pharmaceutical compostions, comprising a subject functionalized magnetic nanoparticle. The present invention further provides diagnostic and research methods including use of subject functionized magnetic nanoparticles. The present invention further provides a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible drug delivery system; drugs using MRI, as well as tissue-specific drug delivery.