Abstract: A thin film electroluminescent display is capable of effectively preventing dielectric breakdown between both electrodes. A first transparent electrode layer, a first dielectric layer, a luminescent layer, a second dielectric layer, and a second transparent electrode layer are laminated in that order on a first glass substrate to form a first light-emitting element. A second light-emitting element is fabricated in substantially the same way. A voltage is applied between the first and second electrode layers to cause the luminescent layers between both electrode layers to emit. As a result, desired characters are displayed. Those corners of the first and second electrodes disposed opposite to each other which are located within the planes of the electrode layers have round portions. The radius of circle of these round portions is in excess of a given value. This prevents concentration of the electric field on the corners of the electrodes.

Abstract: A zinc oxide-based transparent conductive film containing of gallium or indium and having a resistivity of not more than 10.sup.-3 .OMEGA..cm is provided by evaporating a source of zinc oxide containing 0.5 to 5% by weight of gallium oxide or 0.3 to 4.5% by weight of indium oxide and depositing same onto a substrate after activating the vapor of the source by a plasma.

Abstract: A driving circuit for an electroluminescence device including a plurality of driving electrodes provided on at least one electroluminescence layer, a common electrode oppositely arranged to the driving electrodes with the electroluminescence layers interposed therebetween and commonly conducted, a common voltage supplying unit for applying a common pulse voltage to the common electrode, a luminescence voltage supplying unit for supplying a luminescence pulse voltage to the driving electrodes, and a non-luminescence voltage supplying unit for supplying a non-luminescence pulse voltage to the driving electrodes, wherein a timing in which the voltage applied to the electro-luminescence layer is zero voltage at a leading edge or a trailing edge of a wave form of the common pulse voltage, is utilized so that all of the electroluminescence layer are discharged in synchronization with each other to prevent generation of a spike pulse, whereby electroluminescence with high brightness can be obtained.

Abstract: A thin film electroluminescent element has a substrate, a transparent electrode formed on the substrate, a luminescent film wherein two kinds of luminescent centers are distributed in layers within a basic luminescent material, formed on the transparent electrode through an insulating film, and a back electrode formed on the luminescent film through another insulating film. The luminescent film of this thin film electroluminescent element can emit white light of excellent tone, including lights of three primary colors with sufficiently large luminous intensity.

Abstract: An EL element is composed of a glass base plate, a transparent electrode, a dielectric body layer, a luminous body layer, another dielectric body layer and a rear electrode which are piled on each other in order. An an electron inflow restraining layer is formed between the luminous body layer and another dielectric body layer. The luminous body layer is formed by doping Mn into a ZnS crystal and the electron inflow restraining layer is formed by irradiating gas ions of high energy to the surface of the luminous body layer. The electron inflow restraining layer restrains the inflow of electrons supplied to the luminous body layer while being accelerated by an electric field formed between the transparent electrode and the rear electrode.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material and a process for processing it are disclosed. The light-sensitive material is improved in photographic sensitivity, drying property and anti-roller-mark property and is suitable for the disclosed ultra-rapid processing by an automatic processor in which the photographic material is processed for the time of 20 sec to 60 sec in total. The light-sensitive material comprises a support having on at least one side thereof one or more hydrophilic layers containing gelatin which comprise at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer. An amount of the gelatin contained in said hydrophilic layer or layers is within the range of from 1.90 to 3.50 g/m.sup.2 and a swelling amount of said hydrophilic layer or layers is within the range of from 30 to 58 g/m.sup.2 when said light-sensitive material is treated in a specific condition for 15 sec. at 35.degree. C.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is capable of super-rapid processing with the total time of 20 to 60 minutes and is high in sensitivity, low in fogginess and excellent in pressure resistance and graininess. The photographic material is comprises a support bearing a hydrophilic colloial layer including at least one light sensitive silver halide emulsion layer thereon, whereinsilver halide grains contained in the silver halide emulsion layer are mainly comprised of tabular grains which have an aspect ratio of the grain size to the grain thickness of not lower than 5, and the projective areas of the whole tabular grain occupy not less than 50% of the projective areas of the whole silver halide grain in the emulsion layer,the melting time of the silver halide photographic light-sensitive material is within the range of from not shorter than 45 minutes, andon the side bearing the hydrophilic colloidal layer containing the silver halide emulsion layer, an amount of gelatin is within the range of from 2.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a specific silver halide grain is disclosed. The siliver halide grain contains a localized portion containing 20 mol % or more of silver iodide and average content of silver iodide of which grain is from 0.1 to 10.0 mol %, provided that the silver halide grain is prepared by mixing an aqueous solution containing a water soluble halide compound and an aqueous solution containing a water soluble silver salt under a condition that pAg of the mixture is raised at 9.7 or more during a period after a half amount of the silver salt to be used has been added to the mixture. The photographic light-sensitive material has improved photographic characteristics and is suitable for radiographic use.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having the first photographic structural layer comprising one or more layers on a side of the support and the second photographic structural layer comprising one or more layers on the other side of the support, in which at least one of the photographic structural layers comprises a silver halide light-sensitive emulsion layer, and the total amount of gelatin contained in the photographic structural layer comprising the silver halide emulsion layer is within the range of from 2.25 g/m.sup.2 to 3.15 g/m.sup.2. The uppermost layer of the photographic structural layer comprising the silver halide emulsion is formed by coating of a solution having a surface tension of from 15 to 26 dyn/cm, and the second photographic structural layer is coated and gelled simultaneously with coating and drying of the first photographic structural layer.